Associations of Bone Mineral Density with Lean Mass, Fat Mass, and Dietary Patterns in Postmenopausal Chinese Women: A 2-Year Prospective Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4559415 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:ObjectivesWith body mass index (BMI) failing to distinguish the mass of fat from lean, several novel predicted equations for predicted fat mass (FM), predicted lean mass (LM) and predicted per cent fat (PF) were recently developed and validated. Our aim was to explore whether the three novel parameters could better predict diabetes mellitus (DM) than the commonly used obesity indicators, including BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio.DesignA 15-year prospective cohort was used.SettingIt was a prospective cohort, consisting of a general Chinese population from 1992 to 2007.ParticipantsThis cohort enrolled 711 people. People suffering from DM at baseline (n=24) were excluded, and 687 non-diabetics with complete data were included to the analysis.Primary outcomeNew-onset DM.ResultsAfter the follow-up, 74 (48 men and 26 women) incidences of DM were documented. For men, the adjusted HRs were 1, 5.19 (p=0.003) and 7.67 (p<0.001) across predicted PF tertiles; 1, 2.86 (p=0.029) and 5.60 (p<0.001) across predicted FM tertiles; 1, 1.21 (p=0.646) and 2.27 (p=0.025) across predicted LM tertiles. Predicted FM performed better than other commonly used obesity indicators in discrimination with the highest Harrell's C-statistic among all the body composition parameters. Whereas, for women, none of the three novel parameters was the independent predictor.ConclusionPredicted PF, predicted LM and predicted FM could independently predict the risk of DM for men, with predicted FM performing better in discrimination than other commonly used obesity indicators. For women, larger samples were further needed.
| S-EPMC9174812 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMaintenance of lean muscle mass and related strength is associated with lower risk for numerous chronic diseases of aging in women.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate whether the association between dietary protein and lean mass differs by physical activity level, amino acid composition, and body mass index categories.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort.Participants/settingParticipants were postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative with body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n=8,298).Main outcome measuresOur study measured percent lean mass, percent fat mass, and lean body mass index.Statistical analyses performedLinear regression models adjusted for scanner serial number, age, calibrated energy intake, race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and recreational physical activity were used to determine the relationship between protein intake and body composition measures. Likelihood ratio tests and stratified analysis were used to investigate physical activity and body mass index as potential effect modifiers.ResultsBiomarker-calibrated protein intake was positively associated with percent lean mass; women in the highest protein quintile had 6.3 percentage points higher lean mass than the lowest quintile (P<0.001). This difference rose to 8.5 percentage points for physically active women in the highest protein quintile (Pinteraction=0.023). Percent fat mass and lean body mass index were both inversely related to protein intake (both P<0.001). Physical activity further reduced percent fat mass (Pinteraction=0.022) and lean body mass index (Pinteraction=0.011). Leucine intake was associated with lean mass, as were branched chain amino acids combined (both P<0.001), but not independent of total protein. All associations were observed for normal-weight, overweight, and obese women.ConclusionsProtein consumption up to 2.02 g/kg body weight daily is positively associated with lean mass in postmenopausal women. Importantly, those that also engage in physical activity have the highest lean mass across body mass index categories.
| S-EPMC5276713 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of lung cancer has been reported. However, the association of body composition such as fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) with risk of lung cancer has not been fully investigated. Using two large prospective cohort studies (Nurses' Health Study, 1986-2014; Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1987-2012) in the United States, we included 100,985 participants who were followed for occurrence of lung cancer. Predicted FM and LBM derived from validated anthropometric prediction equations were categorized by sex-specific deciles. During an average 22.3-year follow-up, 2615 incident lung cancer cases were identified. BMI showed an inverse association with lung cancer risk. Participants in the 10th decile of predicted FM and LBM had a lower risk of lung cancer compared with those in the 1st decile, but when mutually adjusted for each other, predicted FM was not associated with lung cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-1.35; P(trend) = 0.97) whereas predicted LBM had an inverse association (aHR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.00; P(trend) = 0.03), especially among participants who were current smokers or had smoked in the previous 10 years (aHR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84; P(trend) = 0.008). In conclusion, BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer risk. Based on anthropometric prediction equations, low LBM rather than low FM accounted for the inverse association between BMI and lung cancer risk.
| S-EPMC7504685 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSarcopenia and obesity are reportedly associated with risk of cognitive decline, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) heightens the risk, but the evidence is sparse and inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the association between SO and cognitive impairment.MethodsA total of 542 community-dwelling adults aged between 21 and 90 years were recruited. All participants were assessed for body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status). Sarcopenia was defined by the presence of low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and low HGS or low GS according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, and obesity was defined based on the upper two quintiles of fat mass index (FMI).ResultsSarcopenia alone or in combination with obesity were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity on its own was significantly associated with greater odds of impaired attention (OR: 2.05, 95%CI 1.12-3.82). Low ALMI was not associated, but low HGS, slow GS, and high FMI were individually associated with cognitive impairment: low HGS and immediate memory (OR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.04-3.49); low GS and immediate memory (OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.26-3.72); high FMI and attention (OR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.22-3.51). Co-occurring high FMI with either low HGS or slow GS exacerbated the observed odds of global and domain-specific (attention, visuospatial) cognitive impairment.ConclusionsLean mass is not relevant, whereas muscle strength and physical performance or adiposity are relevant in defining sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in terms of their cognitive impacts.
| S-EPMC8389410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrior studies have found an unexplained inverse or U-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. However, little is known about the independent effects of each body component, i.e., lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM), on mortality.MethodsWe used data from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events-Prospective Heart Failure Study. LBM and FM were calculated using equations developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. LBM and FM index, calculated by dividing LBM or FM in kilograms by the square of height in meters, were used for analysis. We used restricted cubic spline and Cox model to examine the association of LBM and FM index with 1-year all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong 4,305 patients, median (interquartile range) age was 67 (57-76) years, 37.7% were women. During the 1-year follow-up, 691 (16.1%) patients died. After adjustments, LBM index was inversely associated with mortality in a linear way (P-overall association < 0.01; P-non-linearity = 0.52), but no association between FM index and mortality was observed (P-overall association = 0.19). Compared with patients in the 1st quartile of the LBM index, those in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles had lower risk of death, with hazard ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.66-0.97), 0.65 (95% CI 0.52-0.83), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.45-0.82), respectively. In contrast, this association was not observed between FM index quartiles and mortality.ConclusionHigher LBM, not FM, was associated with lower 1-year mortality among HF patients.
| S-EPMC8918916 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesIndividuals with obesity especially excessive visceral adiposity have high risk for incident hypertension. Recently, a new algorithm named relative fat mass (RFM) was introduced to define obesity. Our aim was to investigate whether it can predict hypertension in Chinese population and to compare its predictive power with traditional indices including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).DesignA 6-year prospective study.SettingNine provinces (Hei Long Jiang, Liao Ning, Jiang Su, Shan Dong, He Nan, Hu Bei, Hu Nan, Guang Xi and Gui Zhou) in China.ParticipantsThose without hypertension in 2009 survey and respond in 2015 survey.InterventionLogistic regression were performed to investigate the association between RFM and incident hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the predictive ability of these indices and define their optimal cut-off values.Main outcome measuresIncident hypertension in 2015.ResultsThe prevalence of incident hypertension in 2015 based on RFM quartiles were 14.8%, 21.2%, 26.8% and 35.2%, respectively (p for trend <0.001). In overall population, the OR for the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile for RFM was 2.032 (1.567-2.634) in the fully adjusted model. In ROC analysis, RFM and WHtR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value in both sexes but did not show statistical significance when compared with AUC value of BMI and WC in men and AUC value of WC in women. The performance of the prediction model based on RFM was comparable to that of BMI, WC or WHtR.ConclusionsRFM can be a powerful indictor for predicting incident hypertension in Chinese population, but it does not show superiority over BMI, WC and WHtR in predictive power.
| S-EPMC7569915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFat mass and lean mass are two biggest components of body mass. Both fat mass and lean mass are under strong genetic determinants and are correlated.MethodsWe performed a bivariate genome-wide association meta-analysis of (lean adjusted) leg fat mass and (fat adjusted) leg lean mass in 12,517 subjects from 6 samples, and followed by in silico replication in large-scale UK biobank cohort sample (N = 370 097).ResultsWe identified four loci that were significant at the genome-wide significance (GWS, α = 5.0 × 10-8) level at the discovery meta-analysis, and successfully replicated in the replication sample: 2q36.3 (rs1024137, pdiscovery = 3.32 × 10-8, preplication = 4.07 × 10-13), 5q13.1 (rs4976033, pdiscovery = 1.93 × 10-9, preplication = 6.35 × 10-7), 12q24.31 (rs4765528, pdiscovery = 7.19 × 10-12, preplication = 1.88 × 10-11) and 18q21.32 (rs371326986, pdiscovery = 9.04 × 10-9, preplication = 2.35 × 10-95). The above four pleiotropic loci may play a pleiotropic role for fat mass and lean mass development.ConclusionsOur findings further enhance the understanding of the genetic association between fat mass and lean mass and provide a new theoretical basis for their understanding.
| S-EPMC7912634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association of predicted lean body mass, fat mass, and body mass index (BMI) with all cause and cause specific mortality in men.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth professionals in the United States PARTICIPANTS: 38 006 men (aged 40-75 years) from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, followed up for death (1987-2012).Main outcome measuresAll cause and cause specific mortality.ResultsUsing validated anthropometric prediction equations previously developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, lean body mass and fat mass were estimated for all participants. During a mean of 21.4 years of follow-up, 12 356 deaths were identified. A J shaped association was consistently observed between BMI and all cause mortality. Multivariable adjusted Cox models including predicted fat mass and lean body mass showed a strong positive monotonic association between predicted fat mass and all cause mortality. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of predicted fat mass, men in the highest fifth had a hazard ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 1.46) for mortality from all causes. In contrast, a U shaped association was found between predicted lean body mass and all cause mortality. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of predicted lean body mass, men in the second to fourth fifths had 8-10% lower risk of mortality from all causes. In the restricted cubic spline models, the risk of all cause mortality was relatively flat until 21 kg of predicted fat mass and increased rapidly afterwards, with a hazard ratio of 1.22 (1.18 to 1.26) per standard deviation. For predicted lean body mass, a large reduction of the risk was seen within the lower range until 56 kg, with a hazard ratio of 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) per standard deviation, which increased thereafter (P for non-linearity <0.001). For cause specific mortality, men in the highest fifth of predicted fat mass had hazard ratios of 1.67 (1.47 to 1.89) for cardiovascular disease, 1.24 (1.09 to 1.43) for cancer, and 1.26 (0.97 to 1.64) for respiratory disease. On the other hand, a U shaped association was found between predicted lean body mass and mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, a strong inverse association existed between predicted lean body mass and mortality from respiratory disease (P for trend <0.001).ConclusionsThe shape of the association between BMI and mortality was determined by the relation between two body components (lean body mass and fat mass) and mortality. This finding suggests that the "obesity paradox" controversy may be largely explained by low lean body mass, rather than low fat mass, in the lower range of BMI.
| S-EPMC6028901 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimMyostatin gene is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Genetic polymorphisms in Myostatin were found to be associated with the peak bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether myostatin played a role in the normal variation in peak BMD, lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) of Chinese men.MethodsFour hundred male-offspring nuclear families of Chinese Han ethnic group were recruited. Anthropometric measurements, including the peak BMD, body LM and FM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied were tag-SNPs selected by sequencing. Both rs2293284 and +2278GA were genotyped using TaqMan assay, and rs3791783 was genotyped with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The associations of the SNPs with anthropometric variations were analyzed using the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT).ResultsUsing QTDT to detect within-family associations, neither single SNP nor haplotype was found to be associated with peak BMD at any bone site. However, rs3791783 was found to be significantly associated with fat mass of the trunk (P<0.001). Moreover, for within-family associations, haplotypes AGG, AAA, and TGG were found to be significantly associated with the trunk fat mass (all P<0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that genetic variation within myostatin may play a role in regulating the variation in fat mass in Chinese males. Additionally, the myostatin gene may be a candidate that determines body fat mass in Chinese men.
| S-EPMC4010361 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Studies evaluating the blood vitamins and minerals status in the breast cancer etiology are limited, and the results are inconclusive. This study analyzed the association between serum vitamin-mineral profiles (V-MPs) and breast cancer (BC) risk with including dietary patterns (DPs) and the use of supplements. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40-79 years from north-eastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. The fasting serum concentrations of vitamins (folate, cobalamin, 25(OH) vitamin D) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium) were measured in 129 post-menopausal women, including 82 controls and 47 cases. Three V-MPs were derived with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the breast cancer risk associated with serum V-MPs and serum levels of single biomarkers. The risk of BC was lower by 88% (OR: 0.12; 95% Cl: 0.02-0.88; p < 0.05) in the upper tertile of the serum 'Iron-Calcium' profile compared to the bottom tertile, lower by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% Cl: 0.11-0.97; p < 0.05) at the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D ?24.6 ng/mL and lower by 68% (OR: 0.32; 95% Cl: 0.11-0.91; p < 0.05) at the level of serum calcium ?9.6 mg/dL. There was an inverse association of the serum 'Magnesium' profile or serum level of iron with the risk of BC, which disappeared after adjustment for the set of confounders accounted for: age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, overall physical activity, smoking status, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, hormone-replacement therapy use, family history of breast cancer, vitamin/mineral supplement use, the molecular subtype of breast cancer, and dietary patterns. No significant association was found between BC risk and the serum 'Folate-Cobalamin-Vitamin D' profile or serum folate, cobalamin or magnesium considered separately. These findings highlight that a higher-normal serum level of both iron and calcium, considered together as the serum profile, as well as a higher-normal serum level of calcium, considered separately, and a slightly below the normal range of serum vitamin D level may protect against breast cancer among postmenopausal women, independent of dietary patterns or the use of vitamin/mineral supplements. Therefore, the maintenance of the adequate status of vitamins and minerals and the regular monitoring of their blood markers should be included in breast cancer prevention.
| S-EPMC6770708 | biostudies-literature