Dataset Information

Quadracel: Vaccination Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliomyelitis in Children.

ABSTRACT: Vaccinations in school-aged children are required by state and local law to maintain high vaccination coverage rates, as well as low rates of vaccine-preventable diseases. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are childhood diseases that can be life threatening; poliomyelitis, another childhood disease, can be disabling. In turn, vaccinations were developed to provide protection against these diseases. Today, several vaccinations are recommended for children, including but not limited to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) and poliomyelitis (IPV). DTaP requires five doses, and IPV requires four. Quadracel (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.) is a new vaccination developed to condense the last dose of both DTaP and IPV so they do not have to be given separately, thus reducing the total number of vaccinations required.The Quadracel vaccine is an option for use in children who are completing the DTaP and IPV series. In a randomized, controlled, phase 3, pivotal trial, Quadracel proved to be as efficacious and safe as Daptacel (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.) and IPOL (poliovirus vaccine inactivated, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.), given separately, to children between the ages of 4 and 6 years.Quadracel should be recommended to parents who have children between the ages of 4 and 6 years who meet the necessary administration criteria and need to finalize their DTaP and IPV series. Quadracel's administration in the vaccination series replaces one additional injection, which may benefit children who are afraid of receiving shots and parents who need to schedule one less doctor's appointment.

SUBMITTER: Mosley JF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4811254 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Quadracel: Vaccination Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliomyelitis in Children.

Mosley Juan F JF Smith Lillian L LL Parke Crystal K CK Brown Jamal A JA LaFrance Justin M JM Clark Patricia K PK

P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management 20160401 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>Vaccinations in school-aged children are required by state and local law to maintain high vaccination coverage rates, as well as low rates of vaccine-preventable diseases. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are childhood diseases that can be life threatening; poliomyelitis, another childhood disease, can be disabling. In turn, vaccinations were developed to provide protection against these diseases. Today, several vaccinations are recommended for children, including but not ...[more]

PMID: 27069343

Similar Datasets

Project description:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with a neurodegenerative component of the central nervous system. Immunomodulatory therapy can increase the risk of infection, which is a particular risk for MS patients. Therefore, a complete vaccination status is of utmost importance as protection against vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Our aim was to investigate the vaccination status, vaccination card knowledge and the vaccination behavior of MS patients with regard to vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis. Three hundred twenty-seven patients with MS were evaluated by anamnesis, clinical examination, structured interview and vaccination card control in this two-center study. Based on the recommendations of the Robert Koch Institute, we assessed the completeness of the vaccination status of the examined vaccinations. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of patients with complete/incomplete or correctly/wrongly self-reported vaccination status was performed. In the cohort analyzed, the vaccination coverage was 79.5% for tetanus, 79.2% for diphtheria, 74.8% for pertussis and 84.8% for poliomyelitis. The assumed vaccination status was higher for tetanus (86.5%) and lower for diphtheria (69.4%), pertussis (61.2%) and poliomyelitis (75.9%). Patients who were unvaccinated or only partially vaccinated against tetanus had received vaccination advice from a physician less often in the past year (13.4 vs. 36.9%, p < 0.001) and had no one to check the vaccination card more often (35.8 vs. 12.3%, p < 0.001). High sensitivity (93.7%) and low specificity (30.3%) were determined regarding the validity of self-reported tetanus vaccination status. Patients with a correctly reported tetanus vaccination status were more likely to have their vaccination card checked by a physician than those who overestimated or underestimated their vaccination status (76.7 vs. 63.0/43.8%, p = 0.002). Similar findings were seen with regard to diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccination. Patients without a regular vaccination card control (17.1%) were more likely to be male (44.6 vs. 29.4%, p = 0.037), had fewer siblings on average (1.1 vs. 1.6, p = 0.016), dealt less frequently with the issue of vaccination in the past year (32.1 vs. 69.3%, p < 0.001) and more frequently had the wish to receive vaccination advice (48.2 vs. 34.4%, p = 0.030) than patients in whom the vaccination card was checked regularly by a physician. To minimize the risk of infection in MS patients, treating physicians should provide regular vaccination counseling and perform vaccination card controls, as these factors are associated with a higher vaccination coverage and a higher validity of self-reported vaccination statuses.

Project description:ImportanceThe United States has experienced a nationwide resurgence of pertussis since the mid-1970s, despite high estimated vaccine coverage. Short-lived immunity induced by diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in young children is widely believed to be responsible for this growing burden, but the duration of protection conferred by DTaP vaccines remains incompletely quantified.ObjectiveTo assess the duration of immunity and the effectiveness of DTaP vaccines in US children.Design, setting, and participantsA mathematical, age-structured model of pertussis transmission, previously validated empirically on incidence data in Massachusetts, was used in this simulation study to assess the duration of DTaP immunity most consistent with the empirical values of the relative increase in the odds of acquiring pertussis from recent epidemiologic studies in the United States. The study included 5 simulated cohorts of children born between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2005, followed up between the ages of 5 and 9 years (study period, January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2014). Statistical analysis was performed from May 1 to December 1, 2017.InterventionsVaccination with DTaP according to the US immunization schedule, with a range of assumptions regarding the degree of waning immunity.Main outcomes and measuresVaccine effectiveness and relative change in the odds of acquiring pertussis (odds ratio) in children aged 5 to 9 years, duration of DTaP immunity, and vaccine population-level impact.ResultsThis study found a marked association between the degree of waning immunity, vaccine effectiveness, and the odds ratio. Counterintuitively, the odds ratio was positively associated with vaccine effectiveness, as a consequence of nonlinear, age-assortative transmission dynamics. Based on the empirical odds ratios (1.33; 95% CI, 1.23-1.43), it was estimated that vaccine effectiveness exceeded 75% in children aged 5 to 9 years and that more than 65% of children remained immune to pertussis 5 years after the last DTaP dose.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this study suggest that temporal trends in the odds of acquiring pertussis are an unreliable measure of the durability of vaccine-induced protection. They further demonstrate that DTaP vaccines confer imperfect, but long-lived protection. Control strategies should be based on the best available estimates of vaccine properties and the age structure of the transmission network.

Project description:BackgroundDiphtheria, Tetanus, and whole-cell Pertussis (DTwP) vaccination-associated seizures form the commonest type of serious adverse event following immunization in India and are an important reason for vaccine hesitancy. Our study explored the genetic explanation of DTwP vaccination-associated seizures or subsequent epilepsies.MethodsBetween March 2017 and March 2019, we screened 67 children with DTwP vaccination-associated seizures or subsequent epilepsies, and of those, we studied 54 without prior seizures or neurodevelopmental deficits. Our study design was cross-sectional with a 1-year follow-up having both retrospective and prospective cases. We performed clinical exome sequencing focused on 157 epilepsy-associated genes and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of the SCN1A gene at enrolment. We applied the Vineland Social Maturity Scale for neurodevelopmental assessment at follow-up.FindingsOf 54 children enrolled and underwent genetic testing (median age 37.5 months, interquartile range 7.7-67.2; diagnosis at enrolment: epilepsy 29, febrile seizure 21, and febrile seizure-plus 4), we found 33 pathogenic variants of 12 genes. Of 33 variants, 13 (39%) were novel. Most pathogenic variants were found in SCN1A gene (n = 21/33; 64%), SCN8A in 2 children, and 10 children had one variant in CDKL5, DEPDC5, GNAO1, KCNA2, KCNT1, KCNQ2, NPRL3, PCDH19, RHOBTB2, and SLC2A1. Five or more seizures (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3, confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-18.4, p = 0.006), drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 9.8, 95% CI: 2.6-30.7, p = 0.001) and neurodevelopmental impairment (social quotient < 70) (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.65-17.6, p = 0.006) were significant predictors of genetic diagnosis.InterpretationOur study provides proof-of-concept for genetic aetiology in children with DTwP vaccination-associated seizures or subsequent epilepsies and has important implications for vaccination policies in developing countries.FundingInternational Pediatric Association Foundation, Inc. (IPAF): İhsan Doğramaci research award 2016/2017; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India: No.3/1/3/JRF-2016/HRD/LS/71/10940.

Dataset Information

Quadracel: Vaccination Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliomyelitis in Children.

Publications

Quadracel: Vaccination Against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Poliomyelitis in Children.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets