Severe case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a 5-year-old child - case report.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Aydin D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4831398 | biostudies-other | 2016 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundPseudomonas oryzihabitans is a Pseudomonas bacterial organism rarely implicated in human infections. The bacterium has been isolated in a few reported cases of neurosurgical infections and patients with end-stage cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, and community-acquired urinary tract infections. Limited information exists in developing countries, however, because of the lack of advanced microbiological tools for identification and characterization of this bacterium. This case report describes the isolation of a rare Pseudomonas bacterium in a patient presenting with sepsis and skin infection.Case presentationA 1-year-old girl was presented to a hospital in the northeastern part of Ghana with a 1-week history of pustular rashes on her scalp and neck, which occasionally ruptured, along with discharge of yellowish purulent fluid. The child is of Mole-Dagbon ethnicity and hails from the northern part of Ghana. Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was identified in the patient's blood culture using the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing technique. The rash on the patient's scalp and skin resolved after continuous treatment with gentamicin while her condition improved clinically.ConclusionsThis finding suggests the potential of this bacterium to cause disease in unsuspected situations and emphasizes the need to have evidence for the use of the appropriate antibiotic in clinical settings, particularly in rural settings in Africa. It also brings to the fore the unreliability of conventional methods for identification of Pseudomonas bacteria in clinical samples and thus supports the use of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid in making the diagnosis.
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Project description:IntroductionShoulder dislocation is the most common type of all joints dislocations. It occurs when there is separation in the glenohumeral joint. Posterior dislocation accounts for less than 4% of all shoulder dislocations. In fact, it is misdiagnosed in 60-79% of the patients in the initial presentation. In children a posterior shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a congenital anomaly or in those who have ligamentous laxity. Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation without fracture of the proximal humeral epiphysis in children is very rare, and only few cases have been reported.Case presentationThis report presents a rare case of a 10-year-old child with a traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation without fracture.Discussionthis patient present with a rare posterior dislocation, which is direct and without fracture. It does not present with a marked deformity and it is hard to detect without a complete physical examination and radiographic series.ConclusionPosterior shoulder dislocations are rare, and even more rare in children without fractures. It is easily missed and needs careful history taking, physical exam and correct x-ray view to reach the diagnosis.
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Project description:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generally milder in children than in adults, and a substantial proportion of children with the disease have asymptomatic infections. Remdesivir is recommended for severe COVID-19. To date, there are little data on the outcomes of remdesivir treatment in children. We report a case of severe COVID-19 in a previously healthy but obese (body mass index, 27.6; 99.8th percentile of the age) 9-year-old boy treated with remdesivir and dexamethasone. The patient had pneumonia at the time of diagnosis and required supplemental oxygen due to hypoxia one day after diagnosis. The patient developed respiratory distress as his pneumonia progressed rapidly. Therefore, remdesivir with dexamethasone therapy was initiated on hospital day 2. Supplemental oxygen was gradually weaned on hospital day 6 and stopped on hospital day 9. Significant improvement in pneumonic consolidations on chest X-ray was noted on hospital day 8. The patient was discharged on hospital day 21. We did not observe any adverse effects of remdesivir therapy and successfully treated a 9-year-old child with severe COVID-19.
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Project description:Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological anomaly encompassing clinical features of seizures, contralateral hemiparesis, facial asymmetry, and intellectual dysfunction. Radiographic findings include cerebral hemiatrophy and ipsilateral calvarial thickening. We encountered an 11-year-old male who presented with new-onset seizures and a 4-year history of weakness in the abduction of his right arm, previously being managed as Erb's palsy. Brain MRI revealed atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere with ipsilateral dilated ventricle and osseous thickening, consistent with the congenital form of DDMS. We present this case of an atypical presentation of DDMS.
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Project description:Introduction and importanceTriple A (Allgrove) syndrome is an autosomal recessive multi-organ disease, caused by a mutated gene on chromosome 12q13 in most cases, characterized by the classic triad of Alacrimia, Achalasia and Adrenal insufficiency; along with neurologic abnormalities and many other manifestations in some cases.While short stature is not a rare manifestation in the context of this syndrome, it remains without identifiable cause.Case presentationHere we described an 8-year-old female who had feeding difficulties, recurrent vomiting, hyperpigmentation and short stature. She was diagnosed with Allgrove syndrome after confirmation of adrenal insufficiency, Achalasia, and Alacrimia. Despite correcting these disorders, we did not notice an improvement in the patient's height, which promote us to further investigations, which eventually led to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency as a cause of short stature.The treatment consisted of Hydrocortisone, artificial tears, pneumatic balloon dilation, Nifedipine and Recombinant growth Hormone with a great improvement of her condition.ConclusionThis case found an unusual association between Allgrove syndrome and growth hormone deficiency, a treatable cause of short stature, which in turn is a frequent manifestation of unknown etiology in this syndrome.
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Project description:SHORT syndrome is a rare genetic congenital defects condition. The frequency of the disease still remains unknown.We report the two-year-four-month old female with SHORT syndrome who present growth retardation and dysmorphic features (triangular-shaped face, prominent forehead, ocular depression, lipodystrophy at the lumbar region and around elbows), consistent with the phenotype described for this syndrome. The molecular analysis showed the presence of heterozygous variant c.1956dupT (p.Lys653*) in exon 15 of PIK3R1.The frequency of the disease still remains unknown; solely several dozen cases have been described worldwide.
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Project description:BackgroundGastroblastoma is an extremely rare stomach tumor with a biphasic cell morphology of epithelioid and spindle cells. Due to the low incidence rate and the lack of specific clinical characteristics, it is easy to misdiagnose. Detailed imaging analysis is also unavailable. At present, we reported a case of gastroblastoma to analyze its clinical and imaging characteristics. In addition, we reviewed the imaging findings, current diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of gastroblastoma.Case presentationA 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with upper abdominal pain and melena. Endoscopic examination showed a protuberant submucosal mass on the greater curvature of the gastric body. Abdominal ultrasonography and an abdominal enhanced computed tomography further confirmed the mass. The patient was pathologically diagnosed with gastroblastoma after radical surgery in February 2021.ConclusionWe described a rare case of gastroblastoma and may provide a new perspective on imaging diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this tumor. Gastroblastoma tends to occur in male patients, typically affects young people, and has low malignant potential and a low rate of recurrence and metastasis. Gastroblastoma usually arises in the gastric muscularis propria with hypoecogenic and submucosal characteristics in ultrasound examination and significant enhancement in computed tomography (CT) scan. Surgical resection and regular follow-up after surgery are the main management of the disease. Clinicians should strengthen the understanding of this rare tumor for early detection and treatment.
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Project description:BackgroundAcromicric dysplasia is a rare heritable short-stature syndrome with joint stiffness and varying degrees of cutaneous hardness. Stiff skin syndrome is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by diffusely thick and hard skin from the time of birth. Heterozygous point mutations in the FBN1 have been proposed as the predominant cause of both diseases.MethodsBy performing skin biopsy, X-ray imaging, electrocardiography, as well as whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we diagnosed an 8-year-old Chinese boy as acromicric dysplasia with severe skin stiffness caused by a heterogeneous mutation in the FBN1.ResultsThe patient presented with skin tightness, wrist and ankle stiffness, short stature and limbs, several deformed joints in the extremities, cone-shaped epiphyses, and distinct facial features. He also had a patent foramen ovale and frequent respiratory infections. Skin biopsy showed thickened dermis and excessive collagen aggregation. Alcian blue staining indicated dermal mucopolysaccharide deposition. Mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous missense mutation, c.5243G>A (p.Cys1748Tyr), in exon 42 of the FBN1.ConclusionThis is a report about acromicric dysplasia with stiff skin syndrome-like severe cutaneous presentation caused by a single hotspot mutation, further revealing the gene pleiotropy of FBN1.
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Project description:Ependymomas are central nervous system neoplasms that account for a third of all posterior fossa tumors in children. The most common location for infratentorial ependymoma is within the fourth ventricle. We present a case report of malignant transformation of an infratentorial grade II ependymoma in a 2-year-old child who presented with vomiting and visual disturbance. An infratentorial brain tumor in the left cerebellar area was totally removed, and the initial pathologic diagnosis was grade II ependymoma. The tumor recurred aggressively 1 year later; subtotal removal and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed. After a second operation, a histopathologic study was performed. The second specimen was defined as a grade III anaplastic ependymoma. Transformation to grade III anaplastic ependymoma is possible for a grade II ependymoma but very rare. The diagnosis of the anaplastic variant of intracranial ependymomas is difficult. Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of the treatment for all cases. Ependymomas in young infants have a worse prognosis than older children, so we need individual clinical evaluation and close follow-up of such cases. This article highlights the requirement of a close follow-up for grade II ependymomas for anaplastic transformation.
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Project description:The syndrome described by Zollinger and Ellison in 1955 is a rare clinical entity which is even rarer in children. This report describes a 12-year-old boy who presented with refractory peptic ulcer disease which was finally diagnosed to be due to a gastrinoma and was successfully treated.
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