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The important tumor suppressor role of PER1 in regulating the cyclin-CDK-CKI network in SCC15 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests that the abnormal expression of the circadian clock gene PER1 is closely related to the development and progression of cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which the abnormal expression of PER1 induces carcinogenesis is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the alterations in downstream cell cycle genes, cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and in vivo tumorigenicity in SCC15 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells after PER1 downregulation.A stable SCC15 cell line was established to constitutively express shRNA targeting PER1. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analyses were conducted to estimate PER1 mRNA and protein expression. The expression of PER1, P53, CyclinD1, CyclinE, CyclinA2, CyclinB1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, P16, P21, WEE1, and CDC25 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The in vivo tumorigenicity of SCC15 cells was evaluated in female BALB/c nu/nu mice.PER1 downregulation resulted in significantly increased mRNA expression levels of CyclinD1, CyclinE, CyclinB1, CDK1, and WEE1 (P<0.05), and significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of P53, CyclinA2, P16, P21, and CDC25 (P<0.05) compared to control cells. Additionally, PER1 downregulation led to significantly fewer cells in S phase (P<0.05), but significantly more cells in G2/M phase (P<0.05) compared to the control group. After PER1 downregulation, the cell proliferation index was significantly higher (P<0.05), and the apoptotic index was significantly lower (P<0.05). The in vivo tumorigenicity of SCC15 cells was significantly enhanced by PER1 downregulation (P<0.05).PER1 is an important tumor suppressor gene which acts by regulating the Cyclin-CDK-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor regulatory network. An in-depth characterization of this gene may further illuminate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of cancer, thus providing novel molecular targets for cancer treatment.

SUBMITTER: Fu XJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4846057 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The important tumor suppressor role of PER1 in regulating the cyclin-CDK-CKI network in SCC15 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Fu Xiao-Juan XJ Li Han-Xue HX Yang Kai K Chen Dan D Tang Hong H

OncoTargets and therapy 20160415

<h4>Background</h4>Accumulating evidence suggests that the abnormal expression of the circadian clock gene PER1 is closely related to the development and progression of cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which the abnormal expression of PER1 induces carcinogenesis is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the alterations in downstream cell cycle genes, cell cycle distribution, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and in vivo tumorigenicity in SCC15 oral squamous cell carcinoma ...[more]

PMID: 27143919

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Project description:There is increasing evidence that the core clock gene Period 1 (PER1) plays important roles in the formation of various tumors. However, the biological functions and mechanism of PER1 in promoting tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that PER1 was markedly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Then, OSCC cell lines with stable overexpression, knockdown, and mutation of PER1 were established. We found that PER1 overexpression significantly inhibited glycolysis, glucose uptake, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC cells. The opposite effects were observed in PER1-knockdown OSCC cells. After treatment of PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells with an AKT activator or treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with an AKT inhibitor, glycolysis, glucose uptake, and proliferation were markedly rescued. In addition, after treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, the increase in cell proliferation was significantly reversed. Further, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiment demonstrated that PER1 can bind with RACK1 and PI3K to form the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex in OSCC cells. In PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells, the abundance of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex was significantly increased, the half-life of PI3K was markedly decreased, and glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly inhibited. However, these effects were markedly reversed in PER1-mutant OSCC cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assays confirmed that PER1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth while suppressing glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, this study generated the novel findings that PER1 suppresses OSCC progression by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated cell proliferation via the formation of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex to regulate the stability of PI3K and the PI3K/AKT pathway-dependent manner and that PER1 could potentially be a valuable therapeutic target in OSCC.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a genetic and epigenetic disease. There is growing evidence to suggest that environmental factors due to epigenetic changes can be involved in the OSCC pathogenesis. Although tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are commonly inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in human cancers, the epigenetic changes and the mechanism of TSGs in human OSCC remain unclear. We therefore assessed the methylation status of the TSGs, which are associated with epigenetic silencing in human cancers, OSCC cell lines, primary tumors, and normal oral mucosa. RESULTS:We used 14 TSGs that were originally identified in colon cancer to investigate the aberrant hypermethylation of these genes associated with transcriptional silencing in 10 OSCC cell lines. We found three TSGs, TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4, that are robustly hypermethylated and are associated with transcriptional silencing in OSCC cell lines. The re-expression of the three genes was induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in cells in which these genes were not expressed or had a lack of expression. In 33 cases of primary OSCC tumors, promoter hypermethylation was detected for the TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 genes at (32/33) 97%, (22/33) 67%, and (11/33) 33%, respectively. Eleven normal oral mucosa samples showed no promoter hypermethylation for all three genes, which suggests that this promoter hypermethylation is cancer-specific. Bisulfite sequencing analysis confirmed the cancer-specific methylation of the TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 promoters in the OSCC cell lines and tumors but not in the normal oral mucosa samples. More importantly, the methylation status of TFPI2, GATA4, and SOX17 was significantly associated with OSCC patients' overall survival through TCGA DNA methylation database. CONCLUSIONS:We identified that TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 are frequently hypermethylated in human OSCC cells in a cancer-specific manner and that the transcriptional expression of these genes is regulated by promoter hypermethylation in OSCC. Our results highlight the great potential used as a synergistic biomarker set to improve the prognosis and therapeutic treatment for patients with OSCC.

Dataset Information

The important tumor suppressor role of PER1 in regulating the cyclin-CDK-CKI network in SCC15 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Publications

The important tumor suppressor role of PER1 in regulating the cyclin-CDK-CKI network in SCC15 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

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