Dataset Information

Detecting regional patterns of changing CO2 flux in Alaska.

ABSTRACT: With rapid changes in climate and the seasonal amplitude of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Arctic, it is critical that we detect and quantify the underlying processes controlling the changing amplitude of CO2 to better predict carbon cycle feedbacks in the Arctic climate system. We use satellite and airborne observations of atmospheric CO2 with climatically forced CO2 flux simulations to assess the detectability of Alaskan carbon cycle signals as future warming evolves. We find that current satellite remote sensing technologies can detect changing uptake accurately during the growing season but lack sufficient cold season coverage and near-surface sensitivity to constrain annual carbon balance changes at regional scale. Airborne strategies that target regular vertical profile measurements within continental interiors are more sensitive to regional flux deeper into the cold season but currently lack sufficient spatial coverage throughout the entire cold season. Thus, the current CO2 observing network is unlikely to detect potentially large CO2 sources associated with deep permafrost thaw and cold season respiration expected over the next 50 y. Although continuity of current observations is vital, strategies and technologies focused on cold season measurements (active remote sensing, aircraft, and tall towers) and systematic sampling of vertical profiles across continental interiors over the full annual cycle are required to detect the onset of carbon release from thawing permafrost.

SUBMITTER: Parazoo NC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4948307 | biostudies-other | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Detecting regional patterns of changing CO2 flux in Alaska.

Parazoo Nicholas C NC Parazoo Nicholas C NC Commane Roisin R Wofsy Steven C SC Koven Charles D CD Sweeney Colm C Lawrence David M DM Lindaas Jakob J Chang Rachel Y-W RY Miller Charles E CE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20160627 28

With rapid changes in climate and the seasonal amplitude of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Arctic, it is critical that we detect and quantify the underlying processes controlling the changing amplitude of CO2 to better predict carbon cycle feedbacks in the Arctic climate system. We use satellite and airborne observations of atmospheric CO2 with climatically forced CO2 flux simulations to assess the detectability of Alaskan carbon cycle signals as future warming evolves. We find that current satelli ...[more]

PMID: 27354511

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Project description:Background: To understand gene expression networks leading to functional properties of the soybean seed, we have undertaken a detailed examination of soybean seed development during the stages of major accumulation of oils, proteins, and starches, as well as the desiccating and mature stages, using microarrays consisting of up to 27,000 soybean cDNAs. Results: It was discovered that genes related to cell growth and maintenance processes, as well as energy processes like photosynthesis, decreased in expression levels as the cotyledons approached the mature, dry stage. Genes involved with some storage proteins had their highest expression levels at the stage of largest fresh weight. However, genes encoding many transcription factors and DNA binding proteins showed higher expression levels in the desiccating and dry seeds than in most of the green stages. Conclusions: Data on 27,000 cDNAs have been obtained over five stages of soybean development, including the stages of major accumulation of agronomically-important products, using microarrays. Of particular interest are the genes found to peak in expression at the desiccating and dry seed stages, such as those annotated as transcription factors, which may indicate the preparation of pathways that will be needed later in the early stages of imbibition and germination. Five stages of development of soybean cotyledons were studied. The first three, with fresh weights of 25-50mg, 75-100mg, and 400-500mg, were green in color. The last two, yellow-colored cotyledons with a fresh weight of 200-300mg and dry whole seeds approximately 100-200mg in weight, were desiccating and yellow/brown in color. The green stage of 100-200mg fresh weight cotyledons was used as a reference for all other stages. Four replicates, including two dye swaps, were made of each of the first three (green) stages. Two replicates, including one dye swap, were made of each of the last two (yellow/dry) stages. The results from three different platforms (GPL229, GPL1012, and GPL1013) were combined.

Dataset Information

Detecting regional patterns of changing CO2 flux in Alaska.

Publications

Detecting regional patterns of changing CO2 flux in Alaska.

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