Dataset Information

Linking Place and Mind: Localness As a Factor in Socio-Cognitive Salience.

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the salience of vernacular Tyneside forms on the basis of theories of enregisterment and exemplar processing. On one level, exemplar theory provides a psycholinguistic account of how the link between social value and linguistic features is possible. Conversely, integrating the notion of social value into exemplar theory extends the value of this originally cognitive theory to social domains. It is suggested that the association of social value and particular local, linguistic forms may contribute to the salience of these forms among local speakers. The empirical work reported here takes the form of a questionnaire study, which aims to uncover Tyneside inhabitants' awareness of forms as well as their affiliation with the local community. Results showed differences in frequency perceptions between participants themselves and others which indicate that speakers can identify local forms as such, but that the variety is stigmatized. The strength of local affiliation correlated with participants' own language use and it is suggested that this can be accounted for by employing a social personae explanation, where speakers use certain salient forms to index local belonging despite overt stigma.

SUBMITTER: Jensen MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4965467 | biostudies-other | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Linking Place and Mind: Localness As a Factor in Socio-Cognitive Salience.

Jensen Marie M MM

Frontiers in psychology 20160729

This paper investigates the salience of vernacular Tyneside forms on the basis of theories of enregisterment and exemplar processing. On one level, exemplar theory provides a psycholinguistic account of how the link between social value and linguistic features is possible. Conversely, integrating the notion of social value into exemplar theory extends the value of this originally cognitive theory to social domains. It is suggested that the association of social value and particular local, lingui ...[more]

PMID: 27524976

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Project description:Growing evidence links eye movements and cognitive functioning, however there is debate concerning what image content is fixated in natural scenes. Competing approaches have argued that low-level/feedforward and high-level/feedback factors contribute to gaze-guidance. We used one low-level model (Graph Based Visual Salience, GBVS) and a novel language-based high-level model (Global Vectors for Word Representation, GloVe) to predict gaze locations in a natural image search task, and we examined how fixated locations during this task vary under increasing levels of cognitive load. Participants (N = 30) freely viewed a series of 100 natural scenes for 10 seconds each. Between scenes, subjects identified a target object from the scene a specified number of trials (N) back among three distracter objects of the same type but from alternate scenes. The N-back was adaptive: N-back increased following two correct trials and decreased following one incorrect trial. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of gaze locations showed that as cognitive load increased, there was a significant increase in prediction power for GBVS, but not for GloVe. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the area under the ROC between the minimum and maximum N-back achieved across subjects for GloVe (t(29) = -1.062, p = 0.297), while there was a cohesive upwards trend for GBVS (t(29) = -1.975, p = .058), although not significant. A permutation analysis showed that gaze locations were correlated with GBVS indicating that salient features were more likely to be fixated. However, gaze locations were anti-correlated with GloVe, indicating that objects with low semantic consistency with the scene were more likely to be fixated. These results suggest that fixations are drawn towards salient low-level image features and this bias increases with cognitive load. Additionally, there is a bias towards fixating improbable objects that does not vary under increasing levels of cognitive load.

Project description:Background and aimsIf socio-economic disadvantage is associated with more adolescent smoking, but less participation in tertiary education, and smoking and tertiary education are both associated with heavier drinking, these may represent opposing pathways to heavy drinking. This paper examines contextual variation in the magnitude and direction of these associations.DesignComparing cohort studies.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsParticipants were from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS58; n = 15 672), the British birth cohort study (BCS70; n = 12 735) and the West of Scotland Twenty-07 1970s cohort (T07; n = 1515).MeasurementsParticipants self-reported daily smoking and weekly drinking in adolescence (age 16 years) and heavy drinking (> 14/21 units in past week) in early adulthood (ages 22-26 years). Parental occupational class (manual versus non-manual) indicated socio-economic background. Education beyond age 18 was coded as tertiary. Models were adjusted for parental smoking and drinking, family structure and adolescent psychiatric distress.FindingsRespondents from a manual class were more likely to smoke and less likely to enter tertiary education (e.g. in NCDS58, probit coefficients were 0.201 and -0.765, respectively; P < 0.001 for both) than respondents from a non-manual class. Adolescent smokers were more likely to drink weekly in adolescence (0.346; P < 0.001) and more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.178; P < 0.001) than adolescent non-smokers. Respondents who participated in tertiary education were more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.110 for males, 0.182 for females; P < 0.001 for both) than respondents with no tertiary education. With some variation in magnitude, these associations were consistent across all three cohorts.ConclusionsIn Britain, young adults are more likely to drink heavily both if they smoke and participate in tertiary education (college and university) despite socio-economic background being associated in opposite directions with these risk factors.

Dataset Information

Linking Place and Mind: Localness As a Factor in Socio-Cognitive Salience.

Publications

Linking Place and Mind: Localness As a Factor in Socio-Cognitive Salience.

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