Analog filtering methods improve leading edge timing performance of multiplexed SiPMs.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bieniosek MF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5116436 | biostudies-other | 2016 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:In bottom-up proteomics, data are acquired on peptides resulting from proteolysis. In XIC-based quantification, the quality of the protein abundance estimation depends on how peptide data are filtered and on which quantification method is used to sum up peptide intensities into protein abundances. So far, these two questions have been addressed independently. Here, we studied to which extent the relative performances of the quantification methods depend on the filters applied on peptide intensity data. To this end, we performed a spike-in experiment using Universal Protein Standard (UPS1) to evaluate the performances of five quantification methods, including TOP3, iBAQ, Average of all peptide intensities or log-intensities and intensity modeling, in five datasets obtained after application of four peptide filters based on peptide sharing between proteins, retention time variability, peptides occurrence and peptide intensity profiles. We showed that estimated protein abundances were not equally affected by filters depending on the computation mode (sum or average) and the type of data (intensity or log intensity) used in the quantification methods and that filters could have contrasting effects depending on the quantification objective (absolute or relative). Our results also indicate that intensity modeling was the most robust method, providing the best results in absence of any filter, but that the different quantification methods can reach similar performances when appropriate peptide filters are used. Altogether, our findings provide clues to best handle intensity data according to the quantification objective and to the experimental design.
2018-11-14 | PXD009740 | Pride
Project description:Thermophotovoltaic power conversion utilizes thermal radiation from a local heat source to generate electricity in a photovoltaic cell. It was shown in recent years that the addition of a highly reflective rear mirror to a solar cell maximizes the extraction of luminescence. This, in turn, boosts the voltage, enabling the creation of record-breaking solar efficiency. Now we report that the rear mirror can be used to create thermophotovoltaic systems with unprecedented high thermophotovoltaic efficiency. This mirror reflects low-energy infrared photons back into the heat source, recovering their energy. Therefore, the rear mirror serves a dual function; boosting the voltage and reusing infrared thermal photons. This allows the possibility of a practical >50% efficient thermophotovoltaic system. Based on this reflective rear mirror concept, we report a thermophotovoltaic efficiency of 29.1 ± 0.4% at an emitter temperature of 1,207 °C.
| S-EPMC6681750 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The airway epithelium of asthmatics is characterized by intrinsically abnormal wound repair that may contribute to disease pathobiology. In this study, we show that in asthma, the airway epithelial cells at the leading edge of a wound display aberrant migration patterns, reduced expression of α5 and β1 integrin subunits at baseline and during wound repair, resulting in dysregulated cell migration and an inability to fully repair. Transcriptional profiling identified the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as the top upstream transcriptional regulator of integrin α5β1. Significantly, activation of Akt signaling enhanced airway epithelial repair in cultures derived from asthmatic children via upregulation of α5 and β1 integrin subunits. Conversely, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in airway epithelial cultures from non-asthmatic children attenuated epithelial repair and reduced α5 and β1 integrin expression. Importantly, the FDA-approved drug celecoxib, and its non-COX2 inhibitory analogue dimethyl-celecoxib, also stimulated the PI3K/Akt/integrin α5β1 axis and restored airway epithelial repair in cells from asthmatics. Thus, targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for asthma.
2020-03-25 | GSE117489 | GEO
Project description:In lead halide perovskites, organic A-site cations are generally introduced to fine-tune the properties. One of the questions under debate is whether organic A-site cations are essential for high-performance solar cells. In this study, we compare the band edge carrier dynamics and diffusion process in MAPbBr3 and CsPbBr3 single-crystal microplates. By transient absorption microscopy, the band-edge carrier diffusion constants are unraveled. With the replacement of inorganic A-site cations, the diffusion constant in CsPbBr3 increases almost 8 times compared to that in MAPbBr3. This work reveals that introducing inorganic A-site cations can lead to a much larger diffusion length and improve the performance of band-edge carriers.
| S-EPMC10519920 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While the molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying cell protrusion on two-dimensional substrates are well understood, our knowledge of the actin structures driving protrusion in three-dimensional environments is poor, despite relevance to inflammation, development and cancer. Here we report that, during chemotactic migration through microchannels with 5 ?m × 5 ?m cross-sections, HL60 neutrophil-like cells assemble an actin-rich slab filling the whole channel cross-section at their front. This leading edge comprises two distinct F-actin networks: an adherent network that polymerizes perpendicular to cell-wall interfaces and a 'free' network that grows from the free membrane at the cell front. Each network is polymerized by a distinct nucleator and, due to their geometrical arrangement, the networks interact mechanically. On the basis of our experimental data, we propose that, during interstitial migration, medial growth of the adherent network compresses the free network preventing its retrograde movement and enabling new polymerization to be converted into forward protrusion.
| S-EPMC3863902 | biostudies-other
Project description:The conventional method for developing health care plan payment systems uses observed data to study alternative algorithms and set incentives for the health care system. In this paper, we take a different approach and transform the input data rather than the algorithm, so that the data used reflect the desired spending levels rather than the observed spending levels. We present a general economic model that incorporates the previously overlooked two-way relationship between health plan payment and insurer actions. We then demonstrate our systematic approach for data transformations in two Medicare applications: underprovision of care for individuals with chronic illnesses and health care disparities by geographic income levels. Empirically comparing our method to two other common approaches shows that the "side effects" of these approaches vary by context, and that data transformation is an effective tool for addressing misallocations in individual health insurance markets.
| S-EPMC7442111 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOwls have developed serrations, comb-like structures, along the leading edge of their wings. Serrations were investigated from a morphological and a mechanical point of view, but were not yet quantitatively compared for different species. Such a comparative investigation of serrations from species of different sizes and activity patterns may provide new information about the function of the serrations.ResultsSerrations on complete wings and on tenth primary remiges of seven owl species were investigated. Small, middle-sized, and large owl species were investigated as well as species being more active during the day and owls being more active during the night. Serrations occurred at the outer parts of the wings, predominantly at tenth primary remiges, but also on further wing feathers in most species. Serration tips were oriented away from the feather rachis so that they faced into the air stream during flight. The serrations of nocturnal owl species were higher developed as demonstrated by a larger inclination angle (the angle between the base of the barb and the rachis), a larger tip displacement angle (the angle between the tip of the serration and the base of the serration) and a longer length. Putting the measured data into a clustering algorithm yielded dendrograms that suggested a strong influence of activity pattern, but only a weak influence of size on the development of the serrations.ConclusionsSerrations are supposed to be involved in noise reduction during flight and also depend on the aerodynamic properties that in turn depend on body size. Since especially nocturnal owls have to rely on hearing during prey capture, the more pronounced serrations of nocturnal species lend further support to the notion that serrations have an important function in noise reduction. The differences in shape of the serrations investigated indicate that a silent flight requires well-developed serrations.
| S-EPMC4774958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In vivo, geometric cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical for the regulation of cell shape, adhesion, and migration. During contact guidance, the fibrillar architecture of the ECM promotes an elongated cell shape and migration along the fibrils. The subcellular mechanisms by which cells sense ECM geometry and translate it into changes in shape and migration direction are not understood. Here we pattern linear fibronectin features to mimic fibrillar ECM and elucidate the mechanisms of contact guidance. By systematically varying patterned line spacing, we show that a 2-μm spacing is sufficient to promote cell shape elongation and migration parallel to the ECM, or contact guidance. As line spacing is increased, contact guidance increases without affecting migration speed. To elucidate the subcellular mechanisms of contact guidance, we analyze quantitatively protrusion dynamics and find that the structured ECM orients cellular protrusions parallel to the ECM. This spatial organization of protrusion relies on myosin II contractility, and feedback between adhesion and Rac-mediated protrusive activity, such that we find Arp2/3 inhibition can promote contact guidance. Together our data support a model for contact guidance in which the ECM enforces spatial constraints on the lamellipodia that result in cell shape elongation and enforce migration direction.
| S-EPMC5391181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Motion blur in images is usually modeled as the convolution of a point spread function (PSF) and the original image represented as pixel intensities. The knife-edge function can be used to model various types of motion-blurs, and hence it allows for the construction of a PSF and accurate estimation of the degradation function without knowledge of the specific degradation model. This paper addresses the problem of image restoration using a knife-edge function and optimal window Wiener filtering. In the proposed method, we first calculate the motion-blur parameters and construct the optimal window. Then, we use the detected knife-edge function to obtain the system degradation function. Finally, we perform Wiener filtering to obtain the restored image. Experiments show that the restored image has improved resolution and contrast parameters with clear details and no discernible ringing effects.
| S-EPMC5788387 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem with increasing prevalence and affects 80% of diabetes mellitus type 2 cases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an established model organism for studying obesity and diabetes including diabetic microvascular complications. We aimed to determine whether physical activity is an appropriate tool to examine training effects in zebrafish and to analyse metabolic and transcriptional processes in trained zebrafish. Methods: A 2- and 8-weeks experimental training phase protocol with adult zebrafish in a swim tunnel system was established. We examined zebrafish basic characteristics before and after training such as body weight, body length and maximum speed and considered overfeeding as an additional parameter in the 8-weeks training protocol. Ultimately, the effects of training and overfeeding on blood glucose, muscle core metabolism and liver gene expression using RNA-Seq were investigated. Results: Zebrafish maximum speed was correlated with body length and was significantly increased after 2 weeks of training. Maximum swim speed further increased after 8 weeks of training in both the normalfed and the overfed groups, but training was found not to be sufficient in preventing weight gain in overfed fish. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling in trained fish exhibited increased blood glucose levels in the short-term and upregulated energy supply pathways in the long-term. Conclusion: Swim training is a valuable tool to study effects of physical activity in zebrafish, which is accompanied by metabolic and transcriptional adaptations.
2021-12-06 | GSE183023 | GEO