Dataset Information

Mouse insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene: characterization of the gene and trans-activation by the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein.

ABSTRACT: Adipose tissue and skeletal and heart muscle, which exhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, express a specific, insulin-responsive glucose transporter. Previously, a cDNA (GT2) encoding this protein was isolated from a mouse 3T3-L1 adipocyte library and was sequenced. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the corresponding mouse gene designated GLUT4. The GLUT4 gene spans 7 kilobases and consists of 11 exons and 10 introns. The start site of transcription was mapped 180 nucleotides upstream of the initial methionine codon. The GLUT4 promoter contains four potential binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor Sp1 as well as a CCAAT box. DNase I footprinting of the GLUT4 promoter with nuclear extracts from undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells revealed that a differentiation-specific nuclear factor binds in the region at position -258 relative to the start site of transcription. Purified CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) was found to bind at the same position. Transient cotransfection into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes of a GLUT4 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene construct that contains the C/EBP binding site, together with a C/EBP expression vector, revealed that C/EBP trans-activates the GLUT4 promoter. We suggest that C/EBP plays an important role in tissue-specific, as well as metabolic, regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene.

SUBMITTER: Kaestner KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC53240 | biostudies-other | 1990 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Mouse insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene: characterization of the gene and trans-activation by the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein.

Kaestner K H KH Christy R J RJ Lane M D MD

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19900101 1

Adipose tissue and skeletal and heart muscle, which exhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, express a specific, insulin-responsive glucose transporter. Previously, a cDNA (GT2) encoding this protein was isolated from a mouse 3T3-L1 adipocyte library and was sequenced. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the corresponding mouse gene designated GLUT4. The GLUT4 gene spans 7 kilobases and consists of 11 exons and 10 introns. The start site of transcription was mapped 180 nucleot ...[more]

PMID: 2404278

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Project description:BackgroundInsulin gene enhancer protein 1, (ISL1), a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, is involved in multiple tumors and is associated with insulin secretion and metabolic phenotypes. However, the role of ISL1 in stimulating glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the expression pattern of ISL1 in GC patients and explore its molecular biological mechanism in glycolysis and tumorigenesis.MethodsWe analyzed the expression and clinical significance of ISL1 in GC using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flow cytometry and IncuCyte assays were used to measure cell proliferation after ISL1 knockdown. RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to reveal key signaling pathways likely regulated by ISL1 in GC. Alteration of the glycolytic ability of GC cells with ISL1 knockdown was validated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and by detecting glucose consumption and lactate production. The expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and ISL1 was assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. The luciferase reporter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of ISL1 on GLUT4.ResultsHigh levels of ISL1 and GLUT4 expression was associated with short survival of GC patients. ISL1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. KEGG analysis and GSEA for RNA-sequencing data indicated impairment of the glycolysis pathway in GC cells with ISL1 knockdown, which was validated by reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased ECAR, and increased OCR. Mechanistic investigation indicated that ISL1 transcriptionally regulated GLUT4 through binding to its promoter.ConclusionISL1 facilitates glycolysis and tumorigenesis in GC via the transcriptional regulation of GLUT4.

Project description:The liver-specific expression of the GLUT2 glucose transporter gene is suppressed in cultured hepatoma cell lines as well as in hepatocytes in primary culture. To understand the underlying mechanism involved in this process, we analysed the rat GLUT2 promoter region. A DNase I footprinting assay with rat liver nuclear extract revealed eight protected regions within a -500 bp region of the GLUT2 promoter (sites A to H). Three of these sites (B, F and H) were occupied by transcription factors that are considerably enriched in liver cells compared with spleen or kidney. The proteins binding to these sites were investigated by a combination of DNase I footprinting assay and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay with the addition of specific oligonucleotide competitors and specific antibody against known transcription factors. As a result it was revealed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 binds to site B (-120 to -70), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and C/EBPbeta bind to site F (-375 to -356) and site H (-500 to -471). The binding of C/EBP to sites F and H was markedly decreased within 4 h when liver cells were subjected to primary culture, suggesting that C/EBP might be responsible for the decreased expression of GLUT2 in this process. In contrast, Western blot analysis revealed that C/EBPalpha began to decrease after 1 h of hepatocyte culture, and C/EBPbeta was not changed significantly throughout the culture period, suggesting that C/EBP could be regulated at the transcriptional level as well as the post-translational level when hepatocytes were put in culture. To confirm the role of C/EBP in the regulation of GLUT2 promoter activity, sites F and H were ligated to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and co-transfected with a C/EBP expression vector into HepG2 cells. The co-expression of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta resulted in 9.1-fold and 3. 8-fold increases of CAT activities in the site F-CAT and site H-CAT constructs respectively. These results indicate that C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta regulate the promoter activity of the GLUT2 gene and might be responsible for the down-regulation of the GLUT2 gene when hepatocytes are subjected to primary culture.

Dataset Information

Mouse insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene: characterization of the gene and trans-activation by the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein.

Publications

Mouse insulin-responsive glucose transporter gene: characterization of the gene and trans-activation by the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein.

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