Zirconia as a Dental Biomaterial.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bona AD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5455532 | biostudies-other | 2015 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Aside from being known for its excellent mechanical properties and aesthetic effect, zirconia has recently attracted attention as a new dental implant material. Many studies have focused on hydroxyapatite (HA) coating for obtaining improved biocompatibility, however the coating stability was reduced by a byproduct produced during the high-temperature sintering process. In this study, to overcome this problem, we simply coated the zirconia surface with a sol-gel-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) layer and then sintered it at a varied temperature (<1000 °C). The surface showed a nanoporous structure, and there was no crystalline phase other than HA and zirconia when the sintering temperature was 800 °C. The adhesion strength of the HA layer (>40 MPa) was also appropriate as a dental implant application. In addition, in vitro cell experiments using a preosteoblast cell line revealed that the HA-coated zirconia surface acts as a preferable surface for cell attachment and proliferation than bare zirconia surface. In vivo animal experiments also demonstrated that the osteoconductivity of zirconia were dramatically enhanced by HA coating, which was comparable to that of Ti implant. These results suggest that the sol-gel-based HA-coated zirconia has a great potential for use as a dental implant material.
| S-EPMC8245356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The fabrication of fixed dental prostheses using aesthetic materials has become routine in today's dentistry. In the present study, three-unit full zirconia fixed prosthetic restorations obtained by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology were tested by bending trials. The prostheses were intended to replace the first mandibular left molar and were manufactured from four different types of zirconia bioceramics (KatanaTM Zirconia HTML and KatanaTM Zirconia STML/Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.; NOVAZir® Fusion float® ml/NOVADENT/Dentaltechnik; and 3D PRO Zirconia/Bloomden Bioceramics). In total, sixteen samples were manufactured-four samples per zirconia material. Additionally, the morphology, grain size area distribution, and elemental composition were analyzed in parallelepiped samples made from the selected types of zirconia in three different areas, noted as the upper, middle, and lower areas. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis highlighted that the grain size area varies with respect to the researched area and the type of material. Defects such as microcracks and pores were also noted to a smaller extent. In terms of grain size area, it was observed that most of the particles in all samples were under 0.5 μm2, while the chemical composition of the investigated materials did not vary significantly. The results obtained after performing the bending tests showed that a zirconia material with fewer structural defects and an increased percentage of grain size area under 0.5 µm2, ranging from ~44% in the upper area to ~74% in the lower area, exhibited enhanced mechanical behavior. Overall, the resulting values of all investigated parameters confirm that the tested materials are suitable for clinical use.
| S-EPMC8621405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zirconia (3Y-TZP) dental prostheses are widely used in clinical dentistry. However, the effect of ultrasonic scaling performed as a part of professional tooth cleaning on 3Y-TZP dental prostheses, especially in conjunction with low-temperature degradation (LTD), has not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic scaling and LTD on the surface properties of 3Y-TZP in relation to bacterial adhesion on the treated surface. 3Y-TZP specimens (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were polished and then subjected to autoclaving at 134°C for 100 h to induce LTD, followed by 10 rounds of ultrasonic scaling using a steel scaler tip for 1 min each. Surface roughness, crystalline structure, wettability, and hardness were analyzed by optical interferometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, contact angle measurement, and nano-indentation technique, respectively. Subsequently, bacterial adhesion onto the treated 3Y-TZP surface was evaluated using Streptococcus mitis and S. oralis. The results demonstrated that the combination of ultrasonic scaling and LTD significantly increased the Sa value (surface roughness parameter) of the polished 3Y-TZP surface from 1.6 nm to 117 nm. LTD affected the crystalline structure, causing phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase, and decreased both the contact angle and surface hardness. However, bacterial adhesion was not influenced by these changes in surface properties. The present study suggests that ultrasonic scaling may be acceptable for debridement of 3Y-TZP dental prostheses because it did not facilitate bacterial adhesion even in the combination with LTD, although it did cause slight roughening of the surface.
| S-EPMC6136777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Surface properties play a critical role in influencing cell responses to a biomaterial. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize changes in surface properties of zirconia (ZrO₂) ceramic after oxygen plasma treatment; and (2) to determine the effect of such changes on biological responses of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). The results indicated that the surface morphology was not changed by oxygen plasma treatment. In contrast, oxygen plasma treatment to ZrO₂ not only resulted in an increase in hydrophilicity, but also it retained surface hydrophilicity after 5-min treatment time. More importantly, surface properties of ZrO₂ modified by oxygen plasma treatment were beneficial for cell growth, whereas the surface roughness of the materials did not have a significant efficacy. It is concluded that oxygen plasma treatment was certified to be effective in modifying the surface state of ZrO₂ and has the potential in the creation and maintenance of hydrophilic surfaces and the enhancement of cell proliferation and differentiation.
| S-EPMC5455265 | biostudies-other
Project description:Dental implant biomaterials are expected to be in contact with living tissues, therefore their toxicity and osseointegration ability must be carefully assessed. In the current study, the wettability, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of different alumina-zirconia-titania composites were evaluated. The surface wettability determines the biological event cascade in the bioceramic/human living tissues interface. The measured water contact angle indicated that the wettability strongly depends on the ceramic composition. Notwithstanding the contact angle variability, the ceramic surfaces are hydrophilic. The cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblast cells with materials, evaluated by an (3-(4,5 methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, revealed an absence of any cytotoxic effect. A relationship was found between the cell viability and the wettability. It was subsequently deduced that the cell viability increases when the wettability increases. This effect is more pronounced when the titania content is higher. Finally, a comet test was applied as complementary biocompatibility test to detect any changes in fibroblast cell DNA. The results showed that the DNA damage is intimately related to the TiO2 content. Genotoxicity was mainly attributed to ceramic composites containing 10 wt.% TiO2. Our research revealed that the newly developed high performance alumina-zirconia-titania ceramic composites contain less than 10 wt.% TiO2, and display promising surface properties, making them suitable for dental implantology applications.
| S-EPMC7142750 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo compare the failure rates and the prevalence of technical complications between full-coverage tooth-supported monolithic zirconia (MZ) and porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) fixed dental prosthesis, based on a systematic literature review.MethodsAn electronic search was performed in three databases, supplemented by hand searching. Several statistical methods were used.ResultsSeventy-four publications reported 6370 restorations (4264 PVZ; 2106 MZ; 8200 abutment teeth; 3549 patients), followed up until 152 months. A total of 216 prostheses failed, and survival was statistically significant different between groups. PVZ had higher occurrence of complications than MZ; the difference was especially greater for either minor or major chipping. The difference in prevalence of either minor or major chipping was statistically significant for PVZ prostheses between cementation with glass ionomer and adhesive resin cement (higher), adhesive resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC, higher), and between RMGIC (higher) and glass ionomer cement. For MZ the difference was significant only for minor chipping between RMGIC (higher) and adhesive resin cement. Abutment teeth to PVZ prostheses more often lost vitality. Decementation was not observed with RMGIC. Air abrasion did not seem to clinically decrease the decementation risk. The 5-year difference in the occurrence of minor or major chipping between MZ and PVZ prostheses was statistically significant, but nor for catastrophic fracture.ConclusionTooth-supported PVZ prostheses present higher failure and complication rates than MZ prosthesis. The difference in complications is striking when it comes to chipping.Clinical relevanceAwareness of the outcome differences between different types of zirconia prostheses is important for clinical practice.
| S-EPMC10560185 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of the current publication is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the topic of dental implant materials. The following paper focuses on conventional titanium implants and more recently introduced and increasingly popular zirconia implants. Major subtopics include the material science and the clinical considerations involving both implant materials and the influence of their physical properties on the treatment outcome. Titanium remains the gold standard for the fabrication of oral implants, even though sensitivity does occur, though its clinical relevance is not yet clear. Zirconia implants may prove to be promising in the future; however, further in vitro and well-designed in vivo clinical studies are needed before such a recommendation can be made. Special considerations and technical experience are needed when dealing with zirconia implants to minimize the incidence of mechanical failure.
| S-EPMC5455450 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background:Recent introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) monolithic zirconia dental prostheses raises the issue of material low thermal degradation (LTD), a well-known problem with zirconia hip prostheses. This phenomenon could be accentuated by masticatory mechanical stress. Until now zirconia LTD process has only been studied in vitro. This work introduces an original protocol to evaluate LTD process of monolithic zirconia prostheses in the oral environment and to study their general clinical behavior, notably in terms of wear. Methods/design:101 posterior monolithic zirconia tooth elements (molars and premolars) are included in a 5-year prospective clinical trial. On each element, several areas between 1 and 2 mm2 (6 on molars, 4 on premolars) are determined on restoration surface: areas submitted or non-submitted to mastication mechanical stress, glazed or non-glazed. Before prosthesis placement, ex vivo analyses regarding LTD and wear are performed using Raman spectroscopy, SEM imagery and 3D laser profilometry. After placement, restorations are clinically evaluated following criteria of the World Dental Federation (FDI), complemented by the analysis of fracture clinical risk factors. Two independent examiners perform the evaluations. Clinical evaluation and ex vivo analyses are carried out after 6 months and then each year for up to 5 years. Discussion:For clinicians and patients, the results of this trial will justify the use of monolithic zirconia restorations in dental practice. For researchers, the originality of a clinical study including ex vivo analyses of material aging will provide important data regarding zirconia properties.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02150226.
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Project description:Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) remains the material of choice for dental implants due to its surface properties which promote osseointegration. Recently, zirconia (ZrO2) has been used as an alternative material due to its immunity to corrosion, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. Previous in vitro studies evaluating oral bacterial attachment and mammalian host cell response to cpTi and ZrO2 have yielded mixed results. Thus, the aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the growth of early-colonizing oral bacteria and mammalian host cells on cpTi and ZrO2 after three clinically-relevant surface treatments: polishing, acid-etching, or sandblasting. Polishing produced smooth surfaces (Sa: 0.08-0.22 μm) while acid-etching (Sa: 0.75-1.20 μm) and sandblasting (Sa: 0.87-1.00 μm) yielded rough variants. All surfaces were relatively hydrophilic (θ c ≤ 31°). Overall, the adherent bacterial count did not significantly differ between cpTi and ZrO2 after 1 or 3 days for all Streptococcus strains (p > 0.05). Bacterial count was only greater on rough versus smooth variants for S. sanguinis and S. salivarius. Acid-etched cpTi induced the highest proliferation of macrophages and fibroblasts but the lowest for pre-osteoblasts after 1 and 3 days. All surfaces exhibited comparable fibroblast and pre-osteoblast proliferation by 7 days. Pre-osteoblast differentiation continually increased between 7 and 14 days and was higher on rougher surfaces. No differences in mammalian cellular attachment on cpTi and ZrO2 were observed. Within the study's limitations, early-colonizing oral bacterial adhesion and mammalian cell growth is similar on both smooth and rough cpTi and ZrO2.
| S-EPMC9072875 | biostudies-literature
