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Highly Absorbent Antibacterial Hemostatic Dressing for Healing Severe Hemorrhagic Wounds.

ABSTRACT: To accelerate healing of severe hemorrhagic wounds, a novel highly absorbent hemostatic dressing composed of a Tencel®/absorbent-cotton/polylactic acid nonwoven base and chitosan/nanosilver antibacterial agent was fabricated by using a nonwoven processing technique and a freeze-drying technique. This study is the first to investigate the wicking and water-absorbing properties of a nonwoven base by measuring the vertical wicking height and water absorption ratio. Moreover, blood agglutination and hemostatic second tests were conducted to evaluate the hemostatic performance of the resultant wound dressing. The blending ratio of fibers, areal weight, punching density, and fiber orientation, all significantly influenced the vertical moisture wicking property. However, only the first two parameters markedly affected the water absorption ratio. After the nonwoven base absorbed blood, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that erythrocytes were trapped between the fibrin/clot network and nonwoven fibers when coagulation pathways were activated. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) blood agglutination of the resultant dressing decreased to 14.34 and 50.94 s, respectively. In the femoral artery of the rate bleeding model, hemostatic time was saved by 87.2% compared with that of cotton cloth. Therefore, the resultant antibacterial wound dressing demonstrated greater water and blood absorption, as well as hemostatic performance, than the commercially available cotton cloth, especially for healing severe hemorrhagic wounds.

SUBMITTER: Li TT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5457081 | biostudies-other | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Wound infections are serious medical complications that can endanger human health. Latest researches show that conductive composite materials may make endogenous/exogenous electrical stimulation more effective, guide/comb cell migration to the wound, and subsequently promote wound healing. To accelerate infected wound healing, a novel medical silver nanoparticle-doped conductive polymer-based hydrogel system (Ag NPs/CPH) dressing with good conductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical and antibacterial properties was fabricated. For the hydrogel dressing, Ag NPs/CPH, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin were used as the host matrix materials, and phytic acid (PA) was used as the cross-linking agent to introduce conductive polyaniline into the matrix, with antibacterial Ag NPs loaded via impregnation. After a series of analyses, the material containing 5 wt% of PVA by concentration, 1.5 wt% gelatin, 600 μL of AN reactive volume, and 600 μL of PA reactive volume was chosen for Ag NPs/CPH preparation. XPS and FTIR analysis had been further used to characterize the composition of the prepared Ag NPs/CPH. The test on the swelling property showed that the hydrogels had abundant pores with good water absorption (≈140% within 12 h). They can be loaded and continuously release Ag NPs. Thus, the prepared Ag NPs/CPH showed excellent antibacterial property with increasing duration of immersion of Ag NPs. Additionally, to evaluate in vivo safety, CCK-8 experiments of HaCat, LO2 and 293T cells were treated with different concentrations of the Ag NPs/CPH hydrogel soaking solution. The experimental results showed the Ag NPs/CPH had no significant inhibitory effect on any of the cells. Finally, an innovative infection and inflammation model was designed to evaluate the prepared Ag NPs/CPH hydrogel dressing for the treatment of severely infected wounds. The results showed that even when infected with bacteria for long periods of time (more than 20 h), the proposed conductive antibacterial hydrogel could treat severely infected wounds.

Project description:BackgroundPolysaccharide-based hydrogels have been developed for many years to treat burn wounds. Essential oils extracted from aromatic plants generally exhibit superior biological activity, especially antibacterial properties. Studies have shown that antibacterial hydrogels mixed with essential oils have great potential for burn wound healing. This study aimed to develop an antibacterial polysaccharide-based hydrogel with essential oil for burn skin repair.MethodsEucalyptus essential oil (EEO), ginger essential oil (GEO) and cumin essential oil (CEO) were employed for the preparation of effective antibacterial hydrogels physically crosslinked by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and carbomer 940 (CBM). Composite hydrogels were prepared and characterized using antimicrobial activity studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometery, rheological analysis, viscosity, swelling, water loss rate and water vapor transmission rate studies. In addition, the biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated in vivo by cytotoxicity and cell migration assays and the burn healing ability of hydrogels was tested in vivo using burn-induced wounds in mice.ResultsThe different essential oils exhibited different mixing abilities with the hydrogel matrix (CMC and CBM), which caused varying levels of reduction in essential oil hydrogel viscosity, swelling and water vapor transmission. Among the developed hydrogels, the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel exhibited optimal antibacterial activities of 46.26 ± 2.22% and 63.05 ± 0.99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, along with cell viability (>92.37%) and migration activity. Furthermore, the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel accelerated wound healing in mouse burn models by promoting the recovery of dermis and epidermis as observed using a hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining assay. The findings from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel could repair wounds through interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α downregulation and transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor upregulation.ConclusionsThis study successfully prepared a porous CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel with high antibacterial activity, favorable swelling, optimal rheological properties, superior water retention and water vapor transmission performance and a significant effect on skin repair in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel has the potential for use as a promising burn dressing material for skin burn repair.

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Highly Absorbent Antibacterial Hemostatic Dressing for Healing Severe Hemorrhagic Wounds.

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