Diet-derived microRNAs: unicorn or silver bullet?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Witwer KW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5501113 | biostudies-other | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Cross-kingdom delivery of specific microRNAs to recipient organisms via food ingestion has been reported recently. However, it is unclear if such delivery of microRNAs occurs frequently in animal organisms after typical dietary intake. We found substantial levels of specific microRNAs in diets commonly consumed orally by humans, mice, and honey bees. Yet, after ingestion of fruit replete with plant microRNAs (MIR156a, MIR159a, and MIR169a), a cohort of healthy athletes did not carry detectable plasma levels of those molecules. Similarly, despite consumption of a diet with animal fat replete in endogenous miR-21, negligible expression of miR-21 in plasma or organ tissue was observed in miR-21 -/- recipient mice. Correspondingly, when fed vegetarian diets containing the above plant microRNAs, wild-type recipient mice expressed insignificant levels of these microRNAs. Finally, despite oral uptake of pollen containing these plant microRNAs, negligible delivery of these molecules was observed in recipient honeybees. Therefore, we conclude that horizontal delivery of microRNAs via typical dietary ingestion is neither a robust nor a frequent mechanism to maintain steady-state microRNA levels in a variety of model animal organisms, thus defining the biological limits of these molecules in vivo.
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Project description:BackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small noncoding RNAs, which targets on thousands of mRNA and thus plays important roles in many biological processes. It has been reported that miRNA has cross-species regulation functions between parasitoid-host, or plant-animal, etc. For example, several plant miRNAs enter into the honey bees and regulate gene expression. However, whether cross-species regulation function of miRNAs is a universal mechanism remains a debate question.ResultsWe have evaluated transmission of miRNAs from sunflower and sedr plants into the midgut of honey bee using RNA-Seq analyses complemented with confirmation by RT-qPCR. The results showed that at least 11 plant miRNAs were found in the midgut of honey bee feeding by sunflower and sedr pollen. Among which, nine miRNAs, including miR-30d, miR-143, miR-148a, miR-21, let-7 g, miR-26a, miR-126, miR-27a, and miR-203, were shared between the sunflower- and sedr-fed honey bees, suggesting they might have essential roles in plant-insect interactions. Moreover, existence of these co-shared miRNAs presents a strong evidence to support the successful transmission of miRNAs into the midgut of the insect. In total, 121 honeybee mRNAs were predicted to be the target of these 11 plant-derived miRNAs. Interestingly, a sedr-derived miRNA, miR-206, targets on 53 honeybee genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses showed that these target genes are significantly involved in hippo signaling pathway-fly, Wnt signaling pathway, and N-Glycan biosynthesis.ConclusionsIn summary, these results provide evidence of cross-species regulation function of miRNA between honeybee and flowering host plants, extending our understanding of the molecular interactions between plants and animals.
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Project description:The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived miRNAs in ingesting animals are still debated. Importantly, no study to date has fully examined the role of dietary uptake of miRNA in the honey bee, a critical pollinator in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. After controlled pollen feeding experiments in adult honey bees, we observed that midguts demonstrated robust increases in plant miRNAs after pollen ingestion. However, we found no evidence of biologically relevant delivery of these molecules to proximal or distal tissues of recipient honey bees. Our results, therefore, support the premise that pollen miRNAs ingested as part of a typical diet are not robustly transferred across barrier epithelia of adult honey bees under normal conditions. Key future questions include whether other small RNA species in honey bee diets behave similarly and whether more specialized and specific delivery mechanisms exist for more efficient transport, particularly in the context of stressed barrier epithelia.
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