EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC CARRIER STATE AMONG FOOD HANDLERS OF ARMED FORCES EATING ESTABLISHMENTS.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bhalwar R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5531798 | biostudies-other | 1999 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundFew studies have examined suicide risk in individuals once they have left the military. We aimed to investigate the rate, timing, and risk factors for suicide in all those who had left the UK Armed Forces (1996-2005).Methods and findingsWe carried out a cohort study of ex-Armed Forces personnel by linking national databases of discharged personnel and suicide deaths (which included deaths receiving either a suicide or undetermined verdict). Comparisons were made with both general and serving populations. During the study period 233,803 individuals left the Armed Forces and 224 died by suicide. Although the overall rate of suicide was not greater than that in the general population, the risk of suicide in men aged 24 y and younger who had left the Armed Forces was approximately two to three times higher than the risk for the same age groups in the general and serving populations (age-specific rate ratios ranging from 170 to 290). The risk of suicide for men aged 30-49 y was lower than that in the general population. The risk was persistent but may have been at its highest in the first 2 y following discharge. The risk of suicide was greatest in males, those who had served in the Army, those with a short length of service, and those of lower rank. The rate of contact with specialist mental health was lowest in the age groups at greatest risk of suicide (14% for those aged under 20 y, 20% for those aged 20-24 y).ConclusionsYoung men who leave the UK Armed Forces were at increased risk of suicide. This may reflect preservice vulnerabilities rather than factors related to service experiences or discharge. Preventive strategies might include practical and psychological preparation for discharge and encouraging appropriate help-seeking behaviour once individuals have left the services.
| S-EPMC2650723 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A cross-sectional analytical epidemiologic study was undertaken in the community setting, on 1080 army personnel in a field formation, to study the association between waist/hip ratio (WHR) and certain physiological and biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risk. The study revealed that Junior Commissioned Officers, personnel aged 35 years and above, and personnel from Services had an increased probability of having higher WHR. WHR was consistently, linearly and significantly associated with increasing mean values of serum cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure. The optimum cut-off point of WHR from the findings of this study seems to be 0.91 and above. Beyond this value of WHR, the cardiovascular risk increases significantly and becomes more dramatic at WHR values of 0.96 and above.
| S-EPMC5531331 | biostudies-other
Project description:This study aimed to (i) compare the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices (KAP) and observed food safety practices of food truck (FT) food handlers, (ii) evaluate the microbiological quality of food and water samples collected from these vehicles, and (iii) establish a score classification for the KAP instrument according to the food contamination probability assessment. This study was conducted in three stages with 40 food truck food handlers conveniently sampled in the Federal District, Brazil, through structured interviews, application of an observational checklist for the assessment of handlers' practices and the collection of food and water samples for determination of microbiological quality. FTs that are likely to exhibit food contamination and are at a high risk of foodborne diseases if at least one of the following situations occur: (1) if a food handler scores ?6 in the knowledge section; (2) if a food handler scores ?5 in the attitudes section; or (3) if a food handler scores ?6 in the self-reported practices section. On the other hand, FTs in which handlers score higher than the cutoff points in all the sections are unlikely to exhibit food contamination and are at a low risk of foodborne diseases. The findings of this study are the first step to understand food handlers' point of view and the initial diagnosis to guide educational strategies in the FT sector.
| S-EPMC6722497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A total of 651 cases of leprosy were hospitalised from Jan 1987 to Dec 1992. Each patient underwent haemogram, total and differential white cell count, urinalysis, liver function tests, skin slit smear for AFB and skin biopsy. Nerve conduction studies, electomyographic studies and nerve/nerve sheath biopsies were undertaken as and when indicated. These patients were managed with multidrug therapy. Paucibacillary (PB) leprosy accounted for 476 (73.1%) cases which comprised of indeterminate leprosy 90 (13.8%), tuberculoid leprosy 14 (2.2%), borderline tuberculoid leprosy 310 (47.6%) and neuritic leprosy 62 (9.5%). The remaining 175 patients (26.9%) were multibacillary (MB) which included borderline leprosy 9 (1.4%), borderline lepromatous leprosy 129 (19.8%) and lepromatous leprosy 37 (5.7%) patients. There were total 153 patients in 1987. This number declined to 44 in 1992. PB declined from 113 in 1987 to 39 in 1992 and MB cases from 40 to 5.
| S-EPMC5529772 | biostudies-other
Project description:Iodine deficiency is the most commonly implicated nutritional factor responsible for preventable mental deficiency in India and the world. The Government of India aims to control this through the supply of Iodised salt as the primary intervention strategy. Monitoring of the salt supplied, therefore becomes essential to ensure quality control. This study undertaken to assess the status of Iodised salt in the Armed Forces in the Pune-Kirkee complex found a great variation in the iodine content ranging from 10.6 ppm to 150.1 ppm. High levels of Iodine are potentially harmful. This calls for stringent quality assurance and monitoring as a cost effective long term measure in the Armed Forces.
| S-EPMC5531857 | biostudies-other
Project description:Annually, millions of the people suffer from foodborne diseases which are mainly associated with poor food handling practices. The poor food safety knowledge and practices increase the risk of food contamination and foodborne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between demographic attributes and food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of food handlers (chefs and servers) working in small-scale restaurants, hotels and eateries in Lahore, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire including questions related to demographic characteristics and food safety KAP attributes of food handlers (n = 202) was used to collect the responses. The responses of food handlers were statistically analyzed using Spearman Correlation and Chi-Square tests. The results showed that a large proportion of food handlers had good attitudes towards food safety and followed good food safety practices (FSP) but had poor food safety knowledge (FSK). Demographic characteristics of food handlers i.e. level of education, professional category, current job tenure, and total food service industry experience were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with FSK, FSA, and FSP. FSK was found to be moderate to strongly correlated with FSP of food handlers (rs = 0.675), whereas FSA was found to be strongly correlated with FSP (rs = 0.733). The study highlighted the importance and impact of food safety knowledge on food safety practices and overall perspective of food handlers working in restaurants.
| S-EPMC8606342 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveCanadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel who return from certain international deployments are required to complete post-deployment screening (PDS) 90 to 180 days post-deployment; the primary goal of PDS is early detection of mental health problems that aims for reduced delays to care provision. We investigated service members' compliance with the PDS completion requirement and the factors associated with this compliance; a secondary objective was to investigate completion timing.DesignThe study used a retrospective cohort of CAF personnel (n=28 460) who had deployments over 01 January 2009 to 31 December 2014; inferences were based on a probabilistic sample (n=3004).Primary outcomeThe primary outcome was PDS completion. We assessed the timing of PDS completion, comparing non-compliant (early, late or no completion) with compliant completions (90 to 180 days post-deployment) among deployments that required screening. Kaplan-Meier plots summarised time-to-completion and logistic regression assessed the covariate associations with compliant completion. Covariate-adjusted marginal compliance prevalence differences (MPD) were computed.Results67.3% (95% CI65.0 to 69.6) of deployments that required PDS had one completed; 43.3% (95%CI 40.6 to 46.0) were completed within the compliant period. Compliant completion was higher with lower ranks (MPD=10.6%, relative to officers), combat arms occupations (MPD=8.4%), Afghanistan deployments (MPD=19.2%), longer deployments (MPD=10.1%) and among those without a past mental health problem (MPD=9.7%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that some selective processes may be occurring where those perceived to be at higher risk for post-deployment mental health problems are more compliant with PDS completion. However, PDS completion and compliant completion were lower than expected and this suggests a need to reinforce instruction on the guidelines and objectives of PDS among service members in the CAF.
| S-EPMC6661650 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess food handling practice and associated factors among food handlers in public food establishments, Northwest Ethiopia.ResultsIn this study a total of 416 food handlers were participated with a response rate of 416 (98.6%). Proportion of good food handling practice was 167 (40.1%) [95% CI (confidence interval): 35.10, 44.50]. Work experience [AOR (adjusted odds ratio):1.95, 95% CI 1.11, 3.45], good attitude (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.72), secondary school education level (AOR 2.91, CI 1.20, 7.01), diploma and above education level (AOR 4.33, 95% CI 1.41, 13.31), use of three compartment dish-washing system (AOR 2.47, CI 1.27, 4.80) and use of refrigerator (AOR 3.93, CI 1.79, 8.63) were factors statistically associated with good food handling practice. This study indicated that food handling practice was relatively poor. Work experience, good attitude, level of education, use of three compartment dishwashing systems and refrigerator were factors associated with food handling practice. Hence, structuring the kitchen with modern dish washing system and refrigerator would enhance good food handling practice.
| S-EPMC6332519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pattern of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in 1027 male patients admitted during 1990 to 1996 were analysed. Majority of cases (86%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years. Out of total 1027 STD cases 334 (32%) were having chancroid, 237 (23%) syphilis, 122 (11.9%) lymphogranuloma venereum, 130 (12.6%) gonorrhoea, 34 (3.3%) Herpes genitalis and 170 (16.5%) other STDs. 167 STD cases (163%) were found to have HIV infection. A rising trend in prevalence of HIV infection in STD patients from 2.8% (1990) to 27.8 (1996) was noticed contrary to declining trend of STDs from 213 cases in 1990 to 79 cases in 1996. The prevalence of HIV infection was 303% in LGV, 19.3% in chancroid, 13.5% in syphilis, 17.6% in herpes genitalis, 6.7% in gonorrhoea and 11.2% in other STD cases. Out of total 167 STD cases having HIV infection 65 (40%) cases were of chancroid, 37 (22.2%) of LGV, 32(19.2%) of syphilis, 8 (4.8) of gonorrhoea, and 6(3.6%) of herpes genitalis while 17 (10.2) cases were having other STDs.
| S-EPMC5531938 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe adoption and evaluation of good practices in food handling in food service are essential to minimizing foodborne diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in schools in Vitória, Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in the school food services of the municipal network of Vitória-ES. The sample of food handlers was obtained by convenience and comprised food handlers involved with preparation and other kitchen-related activities. The instrument consisted of a structured questionnaire with 36 six questions that included sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to good practices and food safety. The questionnaire was answered by 172 food handlers. Pearson correlation test, T-test, Tukey's test and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS v.20 software.ResultsMost of the participants were female (96.5%, n = 166), were 40 to 49 years old (44.8%, n = 78), attended high school (57.9%, n = 99), had up to 5 years of experience in the role (39.5%, n = 68). Some of them had participated at least 4 times in training (74.4%, n = 128) of which the most recent session had occurred within 3 months (52.0%, n = 44). The lowest score was obtained for knowledge (7.1 ± 1.22). All the models presented significant results for the F-test. This result show good model fit and results ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 on the Durbin Watson test of residual autocorrelation. The linear regression analysis allowed us to identify that the knowledge score increased with experience, but it was significant only for those who had spent up to 10 years in the role. The knowledge score was associated with experience and training time. Attitudes were significantly related to the schooling and training time. The increase in the classification of practices is shown only through a classification of attitudes.ConclusionsAlthough the food handlers' knowledge level in general was considered as sufficient, it was inferior to their scores for attitudes and practices regarding certain food safety concepts. Food safety training is ongoing in these units and covers the main aspects that favour the transformation of knowledge into appropriate attitudes and practices.
| S-EPMC7881630 | biostudies-literature