Resistance training for children and adolescents.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Myers AM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5532191 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundOver the past decades, an exponential growth has occurred with regards to the number of scientific publications including meta-analyses on youth resistance training (RT). Accordingly, it is timely to summarize findings from meta-analyses in the form of an umbrella review.ObjectivesTo systematically review and summarise the findings of published meta-analyses that investigated the effects of RT on physical fitness in children and adolescents.DesignSystematic umbrella review of meta-analyses.Data sourcesMeta-analyses were identified using systematic literature searches in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteria for selecting meta-analysesMeta-analyses that examined the effects of RT on physical fitness (e.g., muscle strength, muscle power) in healthy youth (??18 years).ResultsFourteen meta-analyses were included in this umbrella review. Eleven of these meta-analyses reported between-subject effect sizes which are important to eliminate bias due to growth and maturation. RT produced medium-to-large effects on muscle strength, small-to-large effects on muscle power, small-to-medium effects on linear sprint, a medium effect on agility/change-of-direction speed, small-to-large effects on throwing performance, and a medium effect on sport-specific enhancement. There were few consistent moderating effects of maturation, age, sex, expertise level, or RT type on muscle strength and muscle power across the included meta-analyses. The analysed meta-analyses showed low-to-moderate methodological quality (AMSTAR2) as well as presented evidence of low-to-very low quality (GRADE).ConclusionThis umbrella review proved the effectiveness of RT in youth on a high evidence level. The magnitude of effects varies according to the respective outcome measure and it appears to follow the principle of training specificity. Larger effect sizes were found for strength-related outcome measures. Future studies should consistently report data on participants' maturational status. More research is needed with prepubertal children and girls, irrespective of their maturational status.
| S-EPMC7575465 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of this observational population-based cohort study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with primary gastrointestinal malignancies registered in the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 database during 2000-2019.
| 5683 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:It is well-known that between 40 and 50% of patients taking antidepressants do not respond to treatment or relapse. Genome wide gene expression studies can help us to understand better the response to antidepressants, revealing the effects of both genetic background and environmental/epigenetic factors. We used microarrays to detail the response to Fluoxetine in children and adolescents, analysing the expression just before intake of drug and 8 weeks after starting the treatment.
2019-12-31 | GSE128387 | GEO
Project description:Fifty-six children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at least one year after diagnosis, aged 6-17 years old and fifty-six healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips placed on the lower eyelid. The proteomic analysis was based on a detergent-assisted protein extraction and their digestion from the tears, analysis of the tryptic peptides with LC-MS/ enabling the identification, and quantification of the Shirmer strip protein content via DIA-NN, and subsequently the statistical and bioinformatic analysis using the R and Metascape enrichment analysis tool.
2024-10-17 | PXD052994 | Pride
Project description:Previous research has established the role of resistance training (RT) on muscle function in adolescents, but a lack of evidence to optimize RT for enhancing muscle quality (MQ) exists. This study examined whether RT frequency is associated with MQ in a nationally representative adolescent cohort. A total of 605 adolescents (12-15 year) in NHANES were stratified based on RT frequency. MQ was calculated as combined handgrip strength divided by arm lean mass (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Analysis of covariance was adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, and arm fat percentage; p < 0.05 was considered significant. RT frequency was associated with MQ for 2-7 day/week but not 1 day/week. When no RT was compared to 1-2 and 3-7 day/week, associations were present for 3-7 day/week but not 1-2 day/week. When comparing no RT to 1-4 and 5-7 day/week, associations existed for 5-7 day/week but not 1-4 day/week. Next, no RT was compared to 1, 2-3, and 4-7 day/week; associations were found for 4-7 day/week, while 2-3 day/week had a borderline association (p = 0.06); there were no associations for 1 day/week. Finally, no RT was compared to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-7 day/week; associations were present for all except 1 and 3 day/week. These prospective data suggest a minimum RT frequency of 2 day/week is associated with MQ in adolescents as indicated by the lack of differences in MQ between 1 day/week RT versus no RT.
| S-EPMC9265918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis single-blinded, randomized, parallel group superiority trial evaluates whether the Non-Violent Resistance (NVR) program, a 10-session parental-group intervention, was more effective in reducing stress in parents of children aged 6-20 years and displaying severe tyrannical behavior (STB) compared to a treatment as usual (TAU) intervention that provided supportive counseling and psychoeducation.MethodsEighty two parents of youth aged 6-20 years with STB were enrolled by the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department at the University Hospital of Montpellier (France). A random block and stratified by age (6-12 and 13-20 years) randomization, was performed. All participants were interviewed by independent, blinded to group assignments, research assistants, and completed their assessments at baseline and treatment completion (4 months from baseline). Since this program has not been previously evaluated in this population, the study primarily evaluated the efficacy, using the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI-SF). The primary outcome was the change from baseline to treatment completion of the PSI-SF total score.ResultsSeventy three participants completed the study and were available for analysis (36 NVR and 37 TAU). At completion, between-groups comparison of the change (completion minus baseline) in the total score of PSI-SF was not significant (NVR: -4.3 (± 13.9); TAU: -7.6 (± 19.6); two-sample t-test p = 0.43; effect size of -0.19 [-0.67, 0.28]).ConclusionContrary to our expectation, NVR was not superior to TAU in reducing parental stress at completion for parents of children with STB. However, NVR showed positive outcomes in the follow-up, pointing to the importance to implement parental strategies and following this population over longer time periods in future projects.Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05567276.
| S-EPMC10195028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHeadache prevalence among children and adolescents has increased over the last few years. Evidence-based treatment options for pediatric headaches remain limited. Research suggests a positive influence of odors on pain and mood. We investigated the effect of repeated exposure to odors on pain perception, headache-related disability, and olfactory function in children and adolescents with primary headaches.MethodsEighty patients with migraine or tension-type headache (mean 13.1 ± 3.29 years) participated, of whom 40 underwent daily olfactory training with individually selected pleasant odors for 3 months and 40 received state-of-the-art outpatient therapy as a control group. At baseline and after a 3-month follow-up, olfactory function [odor threshold; odor discrimination; odor identification; comprehensive Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) score], mechanical detection and pain threshold (quantitative sensory testing), electrical pain threshold, patient-reported outcomes on headache-related disability [Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS)], pain disability [Pediatric Pain Disability Index (P-PDI)], and headache frequency were assessed.ResultsTraining with odors significantly increased the electrical pain threshold compared to the control group (U = 470.000; z = -3.177; p = 0.001). Additionally, olfactory training significantly increased the olfactory function (TDI score [t(39) = -2.851; p = 0.007], in particular, olfactory threshold, compared to controls (U = 530.500; z = -2.647; p = 0.008). Headache frequency, PedMIDAS, and P-PDI decreased significantly in both groups without a group difference.ConclusionsExposure to odors has a positive effect on olfactory function and pain threshold in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Increased electrical pain thresholds might reduce sensitization for pain in patients with frequent headaches. The additional favorable effect on headache disability without relevant side effects underlines the potential of olfactory training as valuable nonpharmacological therapy in pediatric headaches.
| S-EPMC9968932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim The aim of present meta-analysis was to determine the effects of exercise training (Exe) on insulin resistance (IR) and body weight in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for original articles, published through October 2022 that included exercise versus control interventions on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and body weight outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for fasting insulin, and weighted mean differences (WMD) for fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, body weight (BW), and 95% confidence intervals were determined using random effects models. Results Thirty-five studies comprising 1,550 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity were included in the present meta-analysis. Exercise training reduced fasting glucose (WMD=-2.52 mg/dL, p=0.001), fasting insulin (SMD=-0.77, p=0.001), HOMA-IR (WMD=-0.82, p=0.001), and BW (WMD=-1.51 kg, p=0.001), as compared to a control. Subgroup analyses showed that biological sex, intervention duration, type of exercise training, BMI percentile, and health status (with or without diagnosed condition), were sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Exercise training is effective for lowering fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BW in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and could provide an important strategy for controlling IR and related factors. With clear evidence for the effectiveness of exercise interventions in this vulnerable population, it is important to determine effective approaches for increasing exercise training in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity.
| S-EPMC10450243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Episodic memory is the ability to learn, store and recall new information. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a crucial area engaged in this ability. Cognitive training has been demonstrated to improve episodic memory in adults and older subjects. However, there are no studies examining the effects of cognitive training on episodic memory encoding in typically developing children and adolescents. This study investigated the behavioral effects and neural correlates of semantic categorization strategy training in children and adolescents during verbal episodic memory encoding using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants with age range: 7-18 years were scanned before and after semantic categorization training during encoding of word lists. Results showed improved memory performance in adolescents, but not in children. Deactivation of the anterior medial PFC/anterior cingulate and higher activation of the right anterior and lateral orbital gyri, right frontal pole and right middle frontal gyrus activation were found after training in adolescents when compared to children. These findings suggest different maturational paths of brain regions, especially in the PFC, and deactivation of default mode network areas, which are involved in successful memory and executive processes in the developing brain.
| S-EPMC7028277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe inadequacy of resistance monitoring in Latin America leads to circulation of HIV strains with drug resistance mutations (DRMs), compromising ART effectiveness. This study describes the DRM prevalence in HIV-infected paediatric patients in Panama.MethodsDuring 2018-19, plasma was collected from 76 HIV-infected children/adolescents (5 ART-naive, 71 treated) in Panama for HIV-1 DRM pol analysis, predicted antiretroviral (ARV) susceptibility by Stanford, and HIV-1 variant phylogenetic characterization.ResultsHIV-1 pol sequences were recovered from 67 (88.2%) of 76 children/adolescents (median age 12 years), carrying 65 subtype B, 1 subtype G and 1 unique recombinant URF_A1B. Five were ART-naive and 62 ART-treated under virological failure (viraemia >50 copies/mL) with previous exposure to NRTIs, (100%), NNRTIs (45.2%), PIs (95.2%) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs, 17.7%). Among the treated patients, 34 (54.8%) carried resistant strains, with major DRMs to one (40.3%), two (9.7%) or three (4.8%) ARV families. Most of them harboured DRMs to NRTIs (58.5%) or NNRTIs (39%), but also major DRMs to PIs (4.9%) and INSTIs (6.5%). We also found dual-class NRTI + NNRTI (12.2%) and NNRTI + PI (2.6%) resistance. Two naive subjects carried viruses with DRMs to NRTIs and NRTI + NNRTI, respectively. Sequenced viruses presented high/intermediate resistance mainly to emtricitabine/lamivudine (48.9% each) and efavirenz/nevirapine (33.3% each). Most participants were susceptible to PIs (91.3%) and INSTIs (88.1%).ConclusionsThe high DRM prevalence to NRTIs and NNRTIs observed among treated HIV-infected children/adolescents in Panama justifies the need for routine resistance monitoring for optimal rescue therapy selection in this vulnerable population.
| S-EPMC9890268 | biostudies-literature