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Antibacterial efficacy of local plants and their contribution to public health in rural Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT: Proper hand hygiene with soap and detergents prevents the transmission of many infectious diseases. However, commercial detergents are less likely to be accessible or affordable to poor people in remote rural areas. These people traditionally use some plant parts as a detergent even though their antibacterial activity has not been yet investigated. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibacterial activities of some of the plants against bacteria isolated from humans.Plants selected for this study are Phytolacca dodecandra fruits, Rumex nepalensis leaves, Grewia ferruginea bark and leaves. The samples of these plants were collected from rural areas of Jimma town based on their ethno-botanical survey and information on their local use. Acetone was used as a solvent to extract the bioactive constituents of the plants. The antibacterial activities of the plants were evaluated against reference strains and bacteria isolated from humans using disc diffusion and macro dilution methods.The plant extracts have shown varying antimicrobial activities against the bacterial species tested. Susceptibility testing shows zones of inhibition ranging from 8.0 ± 1.0 mm to 20.7 ± 5.5 mm. The MIC and MBC of the plants against the bacterial species tested were 3.13 and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. These variations are attributed to different concentrations of the bioactive constituents of the extracts like saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids.The studied plants can contribute to achieve better personal hygiene since they are effective against different bacterial agents and are freely available in rural areas.

SUBMITTER: Tura GT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5534096 | biostudies-other | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that mistreatment of women during childbirth is a global challenge facing health care systems. This study seeks to explore the prevalence of mistreatment of women in public health facilities of Ethiopia, and identify associated factors.MethodsA two-stage cross sectional sampling design was used to select institutions and women. The study was conducted in hospitals and health centers across four Ethiopian regions. Quantitative data were collected from postpartum women. Mistreatment was measured using four domains: (1) physical abuse, (2) verbal abuse, (3) failure to meet professional standards of care, and (4) poor rapport between women and providers. Percentages of mistreatment and odds ratios for the association between its presence and institutional and socio demographic characteristics of women were calculated using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression modeling.ResultsA total of 379 women were interviewed, of whom 281 (74%) reported any mistreatment. Physical and verbal abuse were reported by 7 (2%) and 31 (8%) women interviewed respectively. Failure to meet professional standards of care and poor rapport between women and providers were reported by 111 (29%) and 274 (72%) women interviewed respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of reporting mistreatment were higher among women with four or more previous births (aOR?=?3.36 95%CI 1.22,9.23, p?=?0.019) compared to women with no previous childbirth, Muslim women (aOR?=?3.30 95%CI 1.4,7.77, p?=?0.006) and women interviewed in facilities with less than 17 births per MNH staff in a month (aOR?=?3.63 95%CI 1.9,6.93, p?<?0.001). However, the odds of reporting mistreatment were lower among women aged 35 and older (aOR?=?0.22 95%CI 0.06, 0.73, p?=?0.014) and among women interviewed between 8 and 42?days after childbirth (aOR?=?0.37 95%CI 0.15, 0.9, p?=?0.028).ConclusionMistreatment during childbirth in Ethiopia is commonly reported. Health workers need to consider provision of individualized care for women and monitor their experiences in order to adjust quality of their services.

Project description:BackgroundAdolescence is characterized by rapid growth and development and iron requirements increase during this time. Adolescents with poor diet in early childhood and/or females with an early onset of menarche may be at greater risk for developing anemia due to the rapid depletion of iron stores in their bodies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of anemia among school adolescents in Wonago district, Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia.MethodsA school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 443 randomly selected school adolescents across 15 schools (2 secondary schools and 13 primary schools) in the district. Hemoglobin concentration from a capillary blood sample was determined by portable hemoglobin meter (HemoCue). Descriptive statistics were computed for prevalence of anemia, anthropometric measurements, socio-economic and socio-demographic variables. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of anemia among adolescents.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia among adolescents in the study area was 22%. Anemia was higher among those in early adolescence period (10-13 years) (AOR: 4.75, CI: 1.69-13.35) compared to late adolescence (17-19 years) and among those with height for age z-score less than -2 (AOR: 6.23, CI: 1.98-19.62). Similarly, anemia was higher among those in households with a family size greater than five members (AOR: 9.82, CI: 2.42-39.88), adolescents from rural areas (AOR: 4.37, CI: 1.54-12.46) and families who purchase food needed for daily consumption (AOR: 3.25, CI: 1.42-7.45). On the other hand, adolescents from middle wealth quintiles (AOR: 0.26 (CI: 0.07-0.98)) and female adolescents (AOR: 0.34 (CI: 0.15-0.79) were less likely to be anemic in this study.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anemia in this population is of moderate public health concern, adolescents of both sexes are among groups at risk for the development of anemia. The need for further assessment of the etiology of anemia should be considered to design pragmatic intervention programs.

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Antibacterial efficacy of local plants and their contribution to public health in rural Ethiopia.

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