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Factors Contributing to Unexpected Retirement and Unemployment in Adults Over 50 Years Old in Ireland.

ABSTRACT: Older adults are increasingly important to maintaining stable workforces. As such, factors contributing to early workforce exit must be identified. This study aimed to identify predictors of unexpected retirement and unemployment at older age, with respect to psychological constructs, resulting adverse behaviors, and health-related factors reflecting functional status. Data were extracted from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to predict unexpected retirement and unemployment in older adults in Ireland. Increasing age, increasing number of impairments in activities of daily living, and frailty status of "pre-frail/frail" (relative to non-frail) increased the likelihood of unexpected retirement; while greater numbers of physical limitations and "pre-frail/frail" status significantly predicted unemployment at older age. Pre-frail/frail status or reduced physical capability for everyday tasks may adversely affect older individuals' ability to obtain and/or maintain employment. These findings advance the current understanding of factors associated with unexpected retirement and unemployment at older ages. Findings may aid in identifying strategies to extend working life and to aid at-risk older adults, and may inform components of care on which to focus to minimize loss of function and mobility, and maintain independence, with aging.

SUBMITTER: Schinkel-Ivy A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5536377 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Functional limitations may be more common in middle-aged adults than previously recognized. However, there are few published data on the prevalence of activity limitations, and their association with multimorbidity, among adults 50 to 64 years old. OBJECTIVE:To describe the prevalence of activity limitations and the association with multimorbidity in middle-aged adults. DESIGN:Cross-sectional analysis of US population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. PARTICIPANTS:The total number of community-dwelling NHANES participants aged 50-64 years old is 4217. MAIN MEASURES:Chronic conditions included hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, arthritis, and depression. Activity limitations were defined as any difficulty within each of four International Classification of Functioning (ICF) domains: functional limitations (kneeling, carrying, standing, sitting, reaching, grasping, pulling), mobility (walking ¼ mile, climbing 10 steps), basic activities of daily living (BADLs; walking, transferring, eating, dressing), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs; finances, chores, cooking). We calculated prevalence ratios for activity limitations using generalized estimating equations. KEY RESULTS:The prevalence of functional limitations, mobility limitations, BADL difficulty, and IADL difficulty was 34%, 11%, 15%, and 17%, respectively. Seventy-two percent of participants had two or more chronic conditions; 23% had two, 18% had three, 15% had four, and 16% had five or more. Multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios (95% CI) for functional limitations among those with 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more chronic conditions, compared with 0-1 conditions, were 1.94 (1.43-2.63), 2.50 (1.93-3.23), 3.26 (2.48-4.27), and 4.54 (3.48-5.93), respectively (p trend?<?0.001). Larger prevalence ratios at a higher number of chronic conditions were present for mobility limitations, BADL difficulty, and IADL difficulty. CONCLUSIONS:Problems with function are not limited to older adults and multimorbidity may be helpful for identifying middle-aged adults with a high prevalence of activity limitations.

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Factors Contributing to Unexpected Retirement and Unemployment in Adults Over 50 Years Old in Ireland.

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