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Fragile sites in cancer: more than meets the eye.

ABSTRACT: Ever since initial suggestions that instability at common fragile sites (CFSs) could be responsible for chromosome rearrangements in cancers, CFSs and associated genes have been the subject of numerous studies, leading to questions and controversies about their role and importance in cancer. It is now clear that CFSs are not frequently involved in translocations or other cancer-associated recurrent gross chromosome rearrangements. However, recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of CFS instability, their effect on genome instability, and their role in generating focal copy number alterations that affect the genomic landscape of many cancers.

SUBMITTER: Glover TW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5546318 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Fragile sites in cancer: more than meets the eye.

Glover Thomas W TW Wilson Thomas E TE Arlt Martin F MF

Nature reviews. Cancer 20170701 8

Ever since initial suggestions that instability at common fragile sites (CFSs) could be responsible for chromosome rearrangements in cancers, CFSs and associated genes have been the subject of numerous studies, leading to questions and controversies about their role and importance in cancer. It is now clear that CFSs are not frequently involved in translocations or other cancer-associated recurrent gross chromosome rearrangements. However, recent studies have provided new insights into the mecha ...[more]

PMID: 28740117

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Project description:Diseases of soybean caused by Cercospora spp. are endemic throughout the world's soybean production regions. Species diversity in the genus Cercospora has been underestimated due to overdependence on morphological characteristics, symptoms, and host associations. Currently, only two species (Cercospora kikuchii and C. sojina) are recognized to infect soybean; C. kikuchii causes Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS), whereas C. sojina causes frogeye leaf spot. To assess cryptic speciation among pathogens causing CLB and PSS, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed with isolates from the top three soybean producing countries (USA, Brazil, and Argentina; collectively accounting for ~80% of global production). Eight nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene were partially sequenced and analyzed. Additionally, amino acid substitutions conferring fungicide resistance were surveyed, and the production of cercosporin (a polyketide toxin produced by many Cercospora spp.) was assessed. From these analyses, the long-held assumption of C. kikuchii as the single causal agent of CLB and PSS was rejected experimentally. Four cercosporin-producing lineages were uncovered with origins (about 1 Mya) predicted to predate agriculture. Some of the Cercospora spp. newly associated with CLB and PSS appear to represent undescribed species; others were not previously reported to infect soybeans. Lineage 1, which contained the ex-type strain of C. kikuchii, was monophyletic and occurred in Argentina and Brazil. In contrast, lineages 2 and 3 were polyphyletic and contained wide-host range species complexes. Lineage 4 was monophyletic, thrived in Argentina and the USA, and included the generalist Cercospora cf. flagellaris. Interlineage recombination was detected, along with a high frequency of mutations linked to fungicide resistance in lineages 2 and 3. These findings point to cryptic Cercospora species as underappreciated global considerations for soybean production and phytosanitary vigilance, and urge a reassessment of host-specificity as a diagnostic tool for Cercospora.

Dataset Information

Fragile sites in cancer: more than meets the eye.

Publications

Fragile sites in cancer: more than meets the eye.

Similar Datasets

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