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Elder Law: current issues and future frontiers.

ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, Elder Law has developed into a known and recognized field of expertise and specialization within the legal discipline. However, due to the relatively young history of this new field of law, very few attempts have been made to analyze the ways in which it has developed in the past and the directions in which it should develop in the future. Furthermore, within gerontology, Elder Law has received much less attention or recognition. Existing literature in the field of Elder Law provides a broad and rich analysis of current developments from a positivist approach, through feminist and therapeutic approaches, up to "law and economics" approach-all attempt to implement known legal theories to the gerontological experience. This article argues that exploring the future development of Elder Law beyond existing trends reveals three new frontiers. These future frontiers of Elder Law are (1) the international Elder Law arena; (2) the municipal Elder Law arena; and finally (3) the jurisprudential gerontology arena. Realizing that Elder Law should continue to develop in new and diverse directions will determine its future ability to contribute to gerontology and influence the lives of the older population.

SUBMITTER: Doron I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5546353 | biostudies-other | 2006 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Climate change and increased anthropogenic activities are expected to elevate the potential of introducing nonindigenous species (NIS) into the Arctic. Yet, the knowledge base needed to identify gaps and priorities for NIS research and management is limited. Here, we reviewed primary introduction events to each ecoregion of the marine Arctic realm to identify temporal and spatial patterns, likely source regions of NIS, and the putative introduction pathways. We included 54 introduction events representing 34 unique NIS. The rate of NIS discovery ranged from zero to four species per year between 1960 and 2015. The Iceland Shelf had the greatest number of introduction events (n = 14), followed by the Barents Sea (n = 11), and the Norwegian Sea (n = 11). Sixteen of the 54 introduction records had no known origins. The majority of those with known source regions were attributed to the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific, 19 and 14 records, respectively. Some introduction events were attributed to multiple possible pathways. For these introductions, vessels transferred the greatest number of aquatic NIS (39%) to the Arctic, followed by natural spread (30%) and aquaculture activities (25%). Similar trends were found for introductions attributed to a single pathway. The phyla Arthropoda and Ochrophyta had the highest number of recorded introduction events, with 19 and 12 records, respectively. Recommendations including vector management, horizon scanning, early detection, rapid response, and a pan-Arctic biodiversity inventory are considered in this paper. Our study provides a comprehensive record of primary introductions of NIS for marine environments in the circumpolar Arctic and identifies knowledge gaps and opportunities for NIS research and management. Ecosystems worldwide will face dramatic changes in the coming decades due to global change. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base needed to address two aspects of global change-invasive species and climate change.

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Elder Law: current issues and future frontiers.

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