Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. acetone extract: HPLC analysis, genotoxicity, cholinesterase, antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zrnzevic I
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5547387 | biostudies-other | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:In this study, for the environmental development, the antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of a water extract of flowers from Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. L. Wendl. were evaluated. The extract concentrations were prepared by dissolving them in 10% DMSO. Wood samples of Melia azedarach were treated with water extract, and the antifungal activity was examined at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% against three mold fungi; Fusarium culmorum MH352452, Rhizoctonia solani MH352450, and Penicillium chrysogenum MH352451 that cause root rot, cankers, and green fruit rot, respectively, isolated from infected Citrus sinensis L. Antibacterial evaluation of the extract was assayed against four phytopathogenic bacteria, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Erwinia amylovora, and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, using the micro-dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Further, the antioxidant capacity of the water extract was measured via 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the water extract were analyzed using HPLC: benzoic acid, caffeine, and o-coumaric acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds; while the flavonoid compounds naringenin, quercetin, and kaempferol were identified compared with the standard flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant activity of the water extract in terms of IC50 was considered weak (463.71 μg/mL) compared to the standard used, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (6.26 μg/mL). The MIC values were 200, 300, 300, and 100 µg/mL against the growth of A. tumefaciens, E. cloacae, E. amylovora, and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, respectively, which were lower than the positive control used (Tobramycin 10 μg/disc). By increasing the extract concentration, the percentage inhibition of fungal mycelial was significantly increased compared to the control treatment, especially against P. chrysogenum, suggesting that the use of A. saligna flower extract as an environmentally friendly wood bio-preservative inhibited the growth of molds that cause discoloration of wood and wood products.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:In the present study, hexane: methanol (50:50) leaf extract of Marisela minuta has been evaluated for its chemical composition, antioxidant effect and the antimicrobial mechanism of action against food borne pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS:The phytochemical evaluation of extract by GC/MS revealed the major abundance of benzoic acid-4-ethoxyethyl ester (43.39%) and farnesol acetate (18.42%). The extract exhibited potential antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties with promising antibacterial activities against the test pathogens with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most susceptible with maximum inhibition zone (17 mm) and IC50 value of 125 µg, respectively. The significant (p?<?0.05) increase in intracellular super oxide dismutase (SOD), protein leakage, extracellular alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in treated test pathogens suggested an increase in oxidative stress reveling the mechanism of action of phytochemicals. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of treated pathogens also showed swollen and distorted cells. The bioactive molecules in the extract were efficiently docked with virulent enzymes and farnesol acetate showed best energy value of -?5.19 and -?4.27 kcal/mol towards Topoisomerase IV and SHV-2 respectively. Benzoic acid-4-ethoxyethyl ester showed best binding against TEM-72 with low binding energy value of -?4.35 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION:Due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, the leaf extract of M. minuta may act as promising natural additives to prevent food spoilage bacteria.
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Project description:The main unmet medical need of bone implants is multifunctional activity, including their ability to induce rapid and physiological osseointegration, counteract bacterial biofilm formation, and prevent in situ chronic inflammation at the same time. This research starts from an already developed c.p. titanium surface with proven bioactive (in vitro hydroxyl apatite precipitation) and antibacterial activities, due to a calcium titanate layer with nano- and micro-scale roughness and loaded with iodine ions. Here, antioxidant ability was added to prevent chronic inflammation by grafting polyphenols of a green tea extract onto the surface, without compromising the other functionalities of the surface. The surface was characterized before and after functionalization through XPS analysis, zeta potential titrations, ion release measurements, in vitro bioactivity tests, SEM and fluorescence microscopy, and Folin–Ciocalteu and biological tests. The presence of grafted polyphenols as a homogeneous layer was proven. The grafted polyphenols maintained their antioxidant ability and were anchored to the surface through the linking action of Ca2+ ions added to the functionalizing solution. Iodine ion release, cytocompatibility towards human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), and antibacterial activity were maintained even after functionalization. The antioxidant ability of the functionalized surface was effective in preserving hMSC viability in a chemically induced pro-inflammatory environment, thus showing a scavenger activity towards toxic active species responsible for inflammation.
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Project description:BackgroundRecent reports have highlighted the significance of plant bioactive components in drug development targeting neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the current study assessed antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Talinum triangulare leave (AETt) as well as molecular docking/simulation of the identified phytonutrients against human cholinesterase activities.MethodsIn vitro assays were carried out to assess the 2,2- azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radicals and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of AETt using standard protocols. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was employed to identify compounds in AETt. Also, for computational analysis, identified bioactive compounds from AETt were docked using Schrodinger's GLIDE against human cholinesterase obtained from the protein data bank ( https://www.rcsb.org/ ).ResultsThe results revealed that AETt exhibited a significant concentration-dependent inhibition against ABTS cation radicals (IC50 = 308.26 ± 4.36 µg/ml) with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference. Similarly, AETt demonstrated a significant inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 = 326.49 ± 2.01 µg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 = 219.86 ± 4.13 µg/ml) activities with galanthamine as the control. Molecular docking and simulation analyses revealed rutin and quercetin as potential hits from AETt, having showed strong binding energies for both the AChE and BChE. In addition, these findings were substantiated by analyses, including radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuation, root mean square deviation, as well as mode similarity and principal component analyses.ConclusionOverall, this study offers valuable insights into the interactions and dynamics of protein-ligand complexes, offering a basis for further drug development targeting these proteins in AD.
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