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Uncommon Floating Knee in a Teenager: A Case Report of Ipsilateral Physeal Fractures in Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia.

ABSTRACT: The concomitance of ipsilateral physeal fractures of the distal femur and the proximal tibia is an extremely scarce entity. It is conceptually similar to floating knee in the pediatric population.One case with this injury is reported in a 16-year-old teenager. He was treated surgically by close reduction and internal fixation. The diagnosis of the tibial fracture was initially missed, and the fracture was seen on the post-operative radiographs. Orthopedic treatment was made for this injury. 2 years after, no angular deformity neither shortening of the limb were found.These rare injuries could have serious immediate and remote complication with a considerable functional impact. The diagnosis of proximal tibia physeal fracture could be missed in the context of a concomitant more impressive distal femur fracture. The possibility of a combination of these two injuries should then be kept in mind. Anatomic reduction should be made as soon as possible using a gentle technique, and attention should be given to the diagnosis of the neurovascular complications.

SUBMITTER: Othman Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5553847 | biostudies-other | 2017 Mar-Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Functional outcomes and quality of life in adult ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures.

Project description:Objective:The aim of our study is to evaluate the functional outcomes and quality of life in adult ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures. Methods:26 patients (21 male, 5 female; mean age 30 years, range: 18 to 66) treated for adult ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures were evaluated retrospectively. For femur fractures, intramedullary nails were used in 15 patients (12 antegrade, 3 retrograde), plate in 11 patients (10 locked-plate, and 1 blade-plate with a 95 degree angle). For tibia fractures, locked-plate were used in 13 patients, intramedullary nails in 9 patients, external fixator in 3 patients and multiple screws in 1 patient. According to Blake and McBryde classification, 17 fractures were type I, 9 fractures were type II (7 type 2A and 2 type 2B). The functional outcomes were evaluated by Karlström and Olerud criteria, and quality of life was evaluated by Short Form-36. The mean follow-up duration was 4.4 years (range: 1.1 to 7.3 years). Results:The functional outcomes were excellent in 6 patients, good in 8 patients, acceptable in 6 patients and poor in 6 patients. The mean values of quality of life scales were; physical function: 64.8, physical role limitation: 60.5, pain: 68.2, general health: 63.3, vitality: 58.4, social function: 68.2, emotional role limitation: 62.7, and mental health: 65.8. Conclusion:Adult ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures are severe injuries and adversely affect the quality of life and functional outcomes. The quality of life scales should be used along with functional outcome scores in evaluating these injuries. The translational potential of this article:Adult ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures cause severe morbidity. Functional outcomes and quality of life scales should be used together to evaluate these fractures. Karlström and Olerud criteria for functional outcomes and Short Form-36 scales for quality of life are suitable methods to evalute these fractures.

| S-EPMC6350037 | biostudies-literature

Coupling device and distal femoral replacement for periprosthetic supracondylar femur fractures with an ipsilateral total knee and hip replacement.

Project description:BackgroundPeriprosthetic supracondylar fractures in the setting of an ipsilateral total knee and hip replacement are a rare but serious orthopedic challenge.Description of techniqueIn this unique situation, we consider insertion of a custom coupling device with a distal femoral replacement as an appropriate surgical solution that allows for stability and preserves hip and knee functionality, while not relying on the poor healing potential of the remaining intercalary femoral bone.Patients and methodsWe report the outcomes of two patients who underwent this custom coupling procedure.ResultsThese custom devices resulted in successful outcomes with restoration of ambulatory function and range of motion at greater than 14 months follow-up.ConclusionsWe found that this technique provides sufficient stability and preserves functionality in a difficult-to-treat patient population. The results indicate that this technique may be considered as an alternative to more invasive procedures including total femoral replacement and complete femoral allograft constructs.

| S-EPMC3903946 | biostudies-literature

Single-stage bilateral distal femur replacement for traumatic distal femur fractures.

Project description:Treatment of periprosthetic distal femur fractures and comminuted intraarticular distal femur fractures with previous arthritis remains a difficult challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Previous case series have shown that distal femur replacement (DFR) can effectively compensate for bone loss, relieve knee pain, and allow for early ambulation in both of these fracture patterns. Owing to the typical low-energy mechanism of these injuries, a bilateral injury treated with DFR is rarely encountered. We present a patient with traumatic open left Rorabeck III/Su III periprosthetic distal femur fracture and closed right intraarticular distal femur fracture (AO fcation 33-C2) with end-stage arthrosis treated with single-stage bilateral DFR. We suggest that in patients with similar injuries, single-stage bilateral DFR can provide the benefits of early mobilization and accelerated recovery.

| S-EPMC6470367 | biostudies-literature

Simultaneous ipsilateral fractures of distal and proximal ends of the radius.

Project description:We treated a patient with a rare combination of ipsilateral fractures of the distal and proximal ends of the radius. A man aged 42 years had simultaneous fractures of the distal and proximal ends of the radius (radial neck) following a roadside accident. The distal end fracture of the radius was treated with surgical reduction and T-plate volar fixation, and the undisplaced radial neck fracture was treated by an above elbow splintage for 2 weeks. The elbow mobilization was started at 2 weeks. The distal radius was protected for another 4 weeks in a below elbow functional brace. Ipsilateral proximal and distal radial fracture is an uncommon injury pattern. The series illustrates a number of problems associated with this combination. Firstly, one should be aware of this rare injury pattern and there should be greater emphasis on clinical examination of elbow in cases of wrist injuries and vice versa. Once diagnosed, one faces the dilemma of appropriate management in these cases. The appropriate management will depend on the injury characteristics including the age of the patient and the fracture pattern. One should try to preserve the radial head to prevent a possible proximal radial migration especially in younger patients.

| S-EPMC5554646 | biostudies-other

Ipsilateral proximal and distal radius fractures with unstable elbow joint: Which should we address first?

Project description:Simultaneous ipsilateral fractures involving radial head and distal end of radius are uncommon. We present our thoughts on which fracture should be addressed first. A 68-year-old lady sustained an ipsilateral fracture of the right radial head and distal end of radius following a fall. Clinically her right elbow was posteriorly dislocated and right wrist was deformed. Plain radiographs showed an intraarticular fracture of the distal end of radius and a comminution radial head fracture with a proximally migrated radius. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no significant ligament injuries. We addressed her distal radius first with an anatomical locking plate followed by her radial head with a radial head replacement. Our rationale to treat the distal end radius: first was to obtain a correct alignment of Lister's tubercle and correct the distal radius height. Lister's tubercle was used to guide for the correct rotation of the radial head prosthesis. Correcting the distal end fracture radial height helped us with length selection of the radial head prosthesis and address the proximally migrated radial shaft and neck. Postoperative radiographs showed an acceptable reduction. The Cooney score was 75 at 3 months postoperatively, which was equivalent to a fair functional outcome.

| S-EPMC6529367 | biostudies-literature

Clinical Outcome After Replacement of Distal Femur/Proximal Tibia in a Heterogeneous Patient Cohort: Function Following Tumour, Trauma, and Loosening.

Project description:BackgroundDistal femur and proximal tibia replacements as limb-salvage procedures with good outcome parameters for patients with tumours have been broadly described. However, the overall midterm outcome in a mixed, heterogeneous patient collective is still unclear.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analysed 59 consecutive patients (33 for primary and 26 for revision surgery) between 1998 and 2017. Indication for implantation was tumour (n=16), periprosthetic fracture (n=14), traumatic fracture (n=14), infection (n=10), aseptic loosening (n=3), and pathological fracture (n=2). The mean follow-up duration was 3 years. Clinical functions were evaluated by Toronto Extremity Salvage Score and Knee Society Score. Knee extension and flexion force were measured.ResultsThe overall survival rate of arthroplasties was 59% (n=35). Major complications were observed in 36 (61%) patients. During the follow-up period, 14 (24%) patients died. We recorded periprosthetic joint infection in 21 (36%) patients, recurrence of tumour in two (3%), and aseptic implant failure in three (5%). The mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score was 66±33, and the mean Knee Society Score was 49±30. The mean extension force on the operated side was significantly reduced at 60° and 180° compared to the healthy side (p=0.0151 and p=0.0411, respectively).ConclusionDistal femur and proximal tibia replacements showed limited clinical function in a heterogeneous patient collective. Indication for implantation should be considered carefully.

| S-EPMC8286499 | biostudies-literature

Mechanism of injury based classification of proximal tibia fractures.

Project description:IntroductionWe treated proximal tibia fractures according to our own CT based classification in which we divided these fractures into different varus and valgus fractures. We also provide a guide for reduction of these fractures and the sequence in which different fractured fragments of proximal tibia should be fixed.Materials and methodsPatients were identified from the hospital records, treated according to classification based upon mechanism of injury, from August 2014 to December 2016. Patients were called for follow up in outpatient department for evaluation. Functional evaluation was done according to Rasmussen functional grading score.ResultsTwenty one patients of proximal tibia fracture were treated between august 2014 to December 2016 according to our method. There were 17 male and 4 female. Age ranged from 20 year to 65 year (average 35.19 year). 17 patients were turned up for latest follow up who were analysed for Rasmusssen functional grading score. 14 patients had excellent and 3 patients had good function according to Rasmussen functional grading score.ConclusionsOur classification system provides a guide for reduction of proximal tibia fractures and also tells us the sequence of different fracture fragments.

| S-EPMC6611915 | biostudies-literature

Large cortical bone pores in the tibia are associated with proximal femur strength.

Project description:Alterations of structure and density of cortical bone are associated with fragility fractures and can be assessed in vivo in humans at the tibia. Bone remodeling deficits in aging women have been recently linked to an increase in size of cortical pores. In this ex vivo study, we characterized the cortical microarchitecture of 19 tibiae from human donors (aged 69 to 94 years) to address, whether this can reflect impairments of the mechanical competence of the proximal femur, i.e., a major fracture site in osteoporosis. Scanning acoustic microscopy (12 μm pixel size) provided reference microstructural measurements at the left tibia, while the bone vBMD at this site was obtained using microcomputed tomography (microCT). The areal bone mineral density of both left and right femoral necks (aBMDneck) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while homogenized nonlinear finite element models based on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography provided hip stiffness and strength for one-legged standing and sideways falling loads. Hip strength was associated with aBMDneck (r = 0.74 to 0.78), with tibial cortical thickness (r = 0.81) and with measurements of the tibial cross-sectional geometry (r = 0.48 to 0.73) of the same leg. Tibial vBMD was associated with hip strength only for standing loads (r = 0.59 to 0.65). Cortical porosity (Ct.Po) of the tibia was not associated with any of the femoral parameters. However, the proportion of Ct.Po attributable to large pores (diameter > 100 μm) was associated with hip strength in both standing (r = -0.61) and falling (r = 0.48) conditions. When added to aBMDneck, the prevalence of large pores could explain up to 17% of the femur ultimate force. In conclusion, microstructural characteristics of the tibia reflect hip strength as well as femoral DXA, but it remains to be tested whether such properties can be measured in vivo.

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Interventions for treating fractures of the distal femur in adults.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9534312 | biostudies-literature

Hitting the Mark: Optimizing the Use of Calcium Phosphate Injections for the Treatment of Bone Marrow Lesions of the Proximal Tibia and Distal Femur.

Project description:Increased contact pressures of the osteoarthritic joint can lead to underlying osseous injury, with resultant marrow edema changes of the subchondral bone. These osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions can subsequently lead to persistent pain and further disability. Limited joint preservation treatment options exist to alleviate symptoms or potentially alter the natural history of the affected joint; however, recent success with injectable calcium phosphate has provided early pain relief and may provide a scaffold for endogenous repair mechanisms. In this Technical Note, a comprehensive surgical approach using injectable calcium phosphate to target bone marrow lesions of the proximal tibia and distal femur is presented. Critical technique considerations include the use of magnetic resonance and fluoroscopic imaging to target the area of the subchondral bone while refraining from overfilling and/or forced pressurization during delivery and the use of postinjection arthroscopy to prevent potential injurious sequelae.

| S-EPMC6203229 | biostudies-literature

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