The Relationship between Ghrelin and Copeptin Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Levels in Suicide Attempts.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Atescelik M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5565089 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Background: This article aims to review research manuscripts in the past 5 years that focus on the effects of debt on depression, anxiety, stress, or suicide ideation in Asian countries. Methods: A search for literature based on the PRISMA guidelines was conducted on Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, resulting in nine manuscripts meeting inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in Thailand, Korea, Singapore, Pakistan, India, Cambodia, and China. Results: The findings of the studies show that there is evidence to support that being in debt is related to Asian participants experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, or suicide ideation. However, the studies are limited to quantitative studies only. The definition of debt is also unclear in most manuscripts. Few manuscripts also examined how other factors influence the relationship between debt and mental illness. Conclusion: There are limited studies on the psychological effects of debt on the Asian population. Future studies should focus on the relationship between debt and psychological well-being among this population.
| S-EPMC7381269 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePrevious studies investigating the association between nightmares and suicide have yielded different results. We aimed to investigate whether nightmares, directly or indirectly, influence the incidence of suicide.MethodsWe used a prospective cohort study, based on 40,902 participants with a mean follow-up duration of 19.0 years. Cox proportional hazards models with attained age as time-scale were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of suicide with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as a function of the presence or absence of depression and nightmares. Mediation analysis was used to asses to what extent the relationship between nightmares and the incidence rate of suicide could be mediated by depression.ResultsNo association was observed between nightmares and the incidence of suicide among participants without depression. Compared with non-depressed participants without nightmares, the incidence of suicide among participants with a diagnosis of depression was similar among those with and without nightmares (HR 12.3, 95% CI 5.55-27.2 versus HR 13.2, 95% CI 7.25-24.1). The mediation analysis revealed no significant effects of nightmares on suicide incidence. However, the incidence of depression during follow-up was higher among those who suffered from nightmares than among those who did not (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that nightmares have no influence on the incidence rate of suicide, but may reflect pre-existing depression. This is supported by a recent discovery of a strong genetic correlation of nightmares with depressive disorders, with no evidence that nightmares would predispose to psychiatric illness or psychological problems. Interventions targeting both depression and nightmares, when these conditions co-occur, may provide additional therapeutic benefit.
| S-EPMC9379808 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for suicide. Various risk factors for suicide have been reported in schizophrenia; however, few studies have examined the association between personality traits and suicidal behavior. We administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) to 87 Japanese patients with schizophrenia (49 males; mean age 38.1 ± 10.6 years) with and without a history of suicide attempts (SA and nSA groups, respectively), and 322 controls (158 males; mean age 40.8 ± 13.9 years). As expected, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for age and sex showed that all SPQ indices (total SPQ score and all three factors, i.e., cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized) were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia (SA+nSA groups), than controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the total score and the interpersonal and disorganized factors between the SA and nSA groups (nSA<SA, p<0.01 for all comparisons). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a total SPQ score of 33.5 was the optimal cut-off value to discriminate the SA group from the nSA group (χ(2)[1] = 10.6, p = 0.002, odds ratio: 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-12.1, sensitivity: 0.70, specificity: 0.67). These results suggest that high schizotypy is associated with lifetime suicide attempts, and that the total SPQ score might be useful to assess the risk of suicide attempt in patients with schizophrenia.
| S-EPMC4166669 | biostudies-other
Project description:The cortisol response to psychosocial stress may become dysregulated in stress-related disorders. It is potentiated by pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is, in part, regulated by arginine vasopressin receptor-1B (AVPR1B). AVPR1B variants were previously reported to associate with mood and anxiety disorders. This study aims, for the first time, to investigate association of AVPR1B genetic variants with mood and anxiety outcomes in suicidal behavior.Using a family-based study design of 660 complete nuclear family trios with offspring who have made a suicide attempt (SA), we tested the direct association and linkage of AVPR1B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with SA, as well as with depression and anxiety in SA. Main findings were the association and linkage of AVPR1B exon 1 SNP rs33990840 and a major 6-SNP haplotype representative of all common AVPR1B-SNPs, on the outcome of high Beck Depression Inventory scores in SA. By contrast, genetic associations with lifetime diagnoses of depression and anxiety in SA or gene-environment interactions between AVPR1B variants and stressful life events (SLEs) were not significant. An exploratory screen of interactions between AVPR1B and CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1), the principal pituitary regulator of ACTH secretion, showed no support for gene-gene interactions on the studied outcomes. The results suggest that AVPR1B genetic variation, eg, non-synonymous SNP rs33990840 mediating putative consequences on ligand binding, has a role in SA etiology characterized by elevated depression symptoms, without involving AVPR1B-moderation of SLEs.
| S-EPMC3682145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTrust in healthcare providers has been shown to improve several clinical and patient-reported outcomes. However, its relationship with depression and anxiety has not been investigated among patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether trust in primary care physicians among patients with diabetes is associated with their levels of depression and/or anxiety.MethodAdult patients (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of diabetes, confirmed through their electronic health records, were recruited and interviewed from the primary care clinics of three public hospitals. Patient trust in primary care physicians was assessed using the Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust scale. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), respectively. Two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of HCR-Trust scores with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores controlling for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index score, education, health literacy, annual income, nationality, duration of illness, and research site.ResultsThe number of patients who agreed to be interviewed was 367. Most of the participants were female (61.54%) and Saudi (92.86%). High HCR-Trust scores were negatively associated with PHQ-9 scores (β = -0.18; 95% CI: -0.23 --0.13; P = < .0001), and GAD-7 scores (β = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.22- -0.12; P = < .0001).ConclusionsTrust in primary care physicians among patients with diabetes was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. Therefore, healthcare providers should adopt a patient-centered care approach that fosters trust in the relationship between their patients and themselves. Further research should explore whether interventions that foster shared decision-making and trust in healthcare providers might also improve the health outcomes of patients with diabetes.
| S-EPMC7485844 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAnxiety, depression and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Past studies provide evidence of a disrupted microbiome-gut-brain axis in PD, which is associated with certain motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Additionally, there is evidence of a bidirectional association between mental health and gut health among individuals with GI disorders. The current study examined the bidirectional association between GI symptoms and anxiety/depression among individuals newly diagnosed with PD.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. This included 487 individuals newly diagnosed with PD and followed for up to 5 years. Participants completed questionnaires of anxiety, depression and GI symptoms (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease Autonomic; SCOPA-AUT) at each annual visit. Multilevel models examined the bidirectional-lagged relationship between GI symptoms and anxiety/depression.ResultsModels provided evidence for a bidirectional relationship between GI symptoms and anxiety/depression. Specifically, more severe GI symptoms predicted more severe anxious/depressive symptoms within the same year and at the following year. There was also evidence of the inverse directionality, meaning that more severe anxiety/depression predicted more severe GI symptoms concurrently and in the following year.DiscussionFindings provide preliminary evidence for a cyclical relationship among gut health and mental health in PD. Future studies are needed to examine if the microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a mechanistic role.
| S-EPMC8368023 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSuicide and major depressive disorders (MDD) are strongly associated, and genetic factors are responsible for at least part of the variability in suicide risk. We investigated whether variation at the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene rs7305115 SNP may predispose to suicide attempts in MDD.MethodsWe genotyped TPH2 gene rs7305115 SNP in 215 MDD patients with suicide and matched MDD patients without suicide. Differences in behavioral and personality traits according to genotypic variation were investigated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences between MDD patients with suicide and controls in genotypic (AG and GG) frequencies for rs7305115 SNP, but the distribution of AA genotype differed significantly (14.4% vs. 29.3%, p < 0.001). The G-allele frequency was significantly higher in cases than control group (58.1% vs.45.6%, p < 0.001), but the A-allele carrier indicated a decreased trend in MDD with suicide behaviors than control group (41.9% vs.54.4%, p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that TPH2 rs7305115 AA (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.99), family history of suicide (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.17-5.04), negative life events half year ago (OR 6.64, 95% CI 2.48-11.04) and hopelessness (OR 7.68, 95% CI 5.79-13.74) were significantly associated with the suicide behaviors in MDD patients.ConclusionsThe study suggested that hopelessness, negative life events and family history of suicide were risk factors of attempted suicide in MDD while the TPH2 rs7305115A remained a significant protective predictor of suicide attempts.
| S-EPMC2939585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:More than 700,000 people worldwide die by suicide every year, and the number of suicide attempts is estimated as 20 times higher, most of them being associated with psychiatric disorders, especially major depression. Knowledge about effective methods for preventing suicide attempts in individuals at high risk for suicide is still scarce. Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress response system, i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, is one of the most consistent neurobiological findings in both major depression and suicidality. While the HPA axis is mostly overactive in depression, individuals with a history of suicide attempts exhibit an attenuated hormonal response to stress. It is unknown, however, whether the HPA axis is constantly attenuated in repeated suicide attempters or whether it regains normal responsivity after recovery from depression. Using the combined dexamethasone suppression/corticotropin-releasing hormone (dex/CRH) test, we assessed HPA axis regulation in acute depression (N = 237) and after recovery with respect to previous suicide attempts. Patients without previous suicide attempts show normalization of the stress hormone response to the second dex/CRH (basal ACTH response and cortisol response) after recovery from acute depression, while patients with multiple previous SA show an increased ACTH response. The change in HPA axis responsivity in patients with only one previous SA lies between the response patterns of the other groups with no change in HPA axis reactivity. Our findings suggest that patients with a history of suicide attempts belong to a subgroup of individuals that exhibit a distinct pattern of stress hormone response during acute depression and after recovery. Future studies may extend our approach by investigating additional psychological stress tasks to gain a broader understanding of the stress pathology of recurrent suicide attempters.
| S-EPMC9412752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) represents a major social and economic health issue and constitutes a major risk factor for MDD suicide. The molecular pathology of suicidal depression remains poorly understood, although it has been hypothesized that regulatory genomic processes are involved in the pathology of both MDD and suicidality. Methods: Genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation were assessed in depressed MDD suicide completers (n=20) and compared to non-psychiatric, sudden-death controls (n=20) using tissue from two cortical brain regions (Brodmann Area 11 (BA11) and Brodmann Area 25 (BA25)). Analyses focussed on identifying differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with suicidal depression, and epigenetic variation was explored in the context of polygenic risk scores for major depression and MDD suicide. Weighted gene co-methylation network analysis was used to identify modules of co-methylated loci associated with depressed MDD suicide completers and polygenic burden for MDD and MDD suicide attempt. Results: We identified a DMR upstream of the PSORS1C3 gene, subsequently validated using bisulfite-pyrosequencing and replicated in a second set of MDD suicide samples, which is characterized by significant hypomethylation in both cortical brain regions in MDD MDD suicide cases. We also identified discrete modules of co-methylated loci associated with polygenic risk burden for MDD suicide attempt, but not major depression. MDD suicide-associated co-methylation modules were enriched among gene networks implicating biological processes relevant to depression and suicidality, including nervous system development and mitochondria function. Conclusions: Our data suggest there are coordinated changes in DNA methylation associated with MDD suicide that may offer novel insights into the molecular pathology associated with depressed MDD suicide completers.
2016-11-01 | GSE88890 | GEO
Project description:Background: Burnout is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, feelings of cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment. In the past years there has been disagreement on whether burnout and depression are the same or different constructs, as they appear to share some common features (e.g., loss of interest and impaired concentration). However, the results so far are inconclusive and researchers disagree with regard to the degree to which we should expect such overlap. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between burnout and depression. Additionally, given that burnout is the result of chronic stress and that working environments can often trigger anxious reactions, we also investigated the relationship between burnout and anxiety. Method: We searched the online databases SCOPUS, Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Google Scholar for studies examining the relationship between burnout and depression and burnout and anxiety, which were published between January 2007 and August 2018. Inclusion criteria were used for all studies and included both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, published and unpublished research articles, full-text articles, articles written in the English language, studies that present the effects sizes of their findings and that used reliable research tools. Results: Our results showed a significant association between burnout and depression (r = 0.520, SE = 0.012, 95% CI = 0.492, 0.547) and burnout and anxiety (r = 0.460, SE = 0.014, 95% CI = 0.421, 0.497). However, moderation analysis for both burnout-depression and burnout-anxiety relationships revealed that the studies in which either the MBI test was used or were rated as having better quality showed lower effect sizes. Conclusions: Our research aims to clarify the relationship between burnout-depression and burnout-anxiety relationships. Our findings revealed no conclusive overlap between burnout and depression and burnout and anxiety, indicating that they are different and robust constructs. Future studies should focus on utilizing more longitudinal designs in order to assess the causal relationships between these variables.
| S-EPMC6424886 | biostudies-literature