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An earlier time of scan is associated with greater threat-related amygdala reactivity.

ABSTRACT: Time-dependent variability in mood and anxiety suggest that related neural phenotypes, such as threat-related amygdala reactivity, may also follow a diurnal pattern. Here, using data from 1,043 young adult volunteers, we found that threat-related amygdala reactivity was negatively coupled with time of day, an effect which was stronger in the left hemisphere (β = -0.1083, p-fdr = 0.0012). This effect was moderated by subjective sleep quality (β = -0.0715, p-fdr = 0.0387); participants who reported average and poor sleep quality had relatively increased left amygdala reactivity in the morning. Bootstrapped simulations suggest that similar cross-sectional samples with at least 300 participants would be able to detect associations between amygdala reactivity and time of scan. In control analyses, we found no associations between time and V1 activation. Our results provide initial evidence that threat-related amygdala reactivity may vary diurnally, and that this effect is potentiated among individuals with average to low sleep quality. More broadly, our results suggest that considering time of scan in study design or modeling time of scan in analyses, as well as collecting additional measures of circadian variation, may be useful for understanding threat-related neural phenotypes and their associations with behavior, such as fear conditioning, mood and anxiety symptoms, and related phenotypes.

SUBMITTER: Baranger DAA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5597858 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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An earlier time of scan is associated with greater threat-related amygdala reactivity.

Baranger David A A DAA Margolis Seth S Hariri Ahmad R AR Bogdan Ryan R

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 20170801 8

Time-dependent variability in mood and anxiety suggest that related neural phenotypes, such as threat-related amygdala reactivity, may also follow a diurnal pattern. Here, using data from 1,043 young adult volunteers, we found that threat-related amygdala reactivity was negatively coupled with time of day, an effect which was stronger in the left hemisphere (β = -0.1083, p-fdr = 0.0012). This effect was moderated by subjective sleep quality (β = -0.0715, p-fdr = 0.0387); participants who reporte ...[more]

PMID: 28379578

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Project description:Maladaptive social information processing, such as hostile attributional bias and aggressive response generation, is associated with childhood maladjustment. Although social information processing problems are correlated with heightened physiological responses to social threat, few studies have examined their associations with neural threat circuitry, specifically amygdala activation to social threat.A cohort of 310 boys participated in an ongoing longitudinal study and completed questionnaires and laboratory tasks assessing their social and cognitive characteristics the boys were between 10 and 12 years of age. At age 20, 178 of these young men underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and a social threat task. At age 22, adult criminal arrest records and self-reports of impulsiveness were obtained.Path models indicated that maladaptive social information-processing at ages 10 and 11 predicted increased left amygdala reactivity to fear faces, an ambiguous threat, at age 20 while accounting for childhood antisocial behavior, empathy, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Exploratory analyses indicated that aggressive response generation - the tendency to respond to threat with reactive aggression - predicted left amygdala reactivity to fear faces and was concurrently associated with empathy, antisocial behavior, and hostile attributional bias, whereas hostile attributional bias correlated with IQ. Although unrelated to social information-processing problems, bilateral amygdala reactivity to anger faces at age 20 was unexpectedly predicted by low IQ at age 11. Amygdala activation did not mediate associations between social information processing and number of criminal arrests, but both impulsiveness at age 22 and arrests were correlated with right amygdala reactivity to anger facial expressions at age 20.Childhood social information processing and IQ predicted young men's amygdala response to threat a decade later, which suggests that childhood social-cognitive characteristics are associated with the development of neural threat processing and adult adjustment.

Project description:Purpose: Identification the biological response to fear and stress in both brain and blood is vital for investigators performing peripheral studies of psychiatric traits. The goal of this study was to determine genes responsive to fear conditioning (FC), a well-characterized rodent model of threat-exposure, in the presence or absence of prior stress history, providing insight into the physiological processes underlying traumatic memory formation and trauma-related disorders such as PTSD. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed in blood and amygdala from mice that underwent fear conditioning (FC) with and without prior immobilization stress history (Immo+FC), or untreated animals (home cage HC). Libraries were prepared using the Illumina TruSeq™ RNA kit as per manufacturer’s instructions. Libraries were normalized and 8 samples were multiplexed in each lane of the flowcell. PhiX was used as an internal control on each lane to monitor the error statistics. Cluster generation was performed on the V3 flowcell on the Illumina cBot. The clustered flowcell was then sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq1000 system employing a single-end 101 cycles run. Alignment to the mm10 UCSC Mouse Assembly was performed using STAR version 2.3 (Dobin et al, 2013); parameters were set using the annotation as a splice junction reference. Sample reads were assembled into transcript models using cufflinks (v2.1.1) which were then merged and processed with cuffdiff v2.1.1, (Trapnell et al, 2012) to produce per sample FPKM expression levels and estimate differential expression between the sample groups. Results: In the amygdala, 607 genes associated with FC vs. HC (FDR<.05). In the same tissue, 516 genes showed different expression in response of immobilization (Immo+FC) compared to the FC group (FDR<.05). In the blood of the same animals, 468 genes had distinct changes in expression (Immo+FC vs FC; FDR<.05) and were enriched for biological processes such as inflammation and cytokine signaling. Conclusions: This study identified genes and pathways that respond to threat in the amygdala and blood of animals with and without a prior stress history. Future studies will be needed to examine the necessity, function and relevance of these regulated genes in human clinical stress and trauma-related disorders including.

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An earlier time of scan is associated with greater threat-related amygdala reactivity.

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An earlier time of scan is associated with greater threat-related amygdala reactivity.

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