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The rice TRIANGULAR HULL1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor in regulating lateral development of spikelet.

ABSTRACT: As a basic unit of rice inflorescence, spikelet has profound influence on grain size, weight and yield. The molecular mechanism underlying spikelet development has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified four allelic rice mutants, s2-89, xd151, xd281 and xd425, which exhibited reduced width of spikelet, especially in the apical region. Map-based cloning revealed that all these mutants had missense mutation in the TRIANGULAR HULL1 (TH1) gene, encoding an ALOG family protein. TH1 has been shown to regulate the lateral development of spikelet, but its mode of action remains unclear. Microscopic analysis revealed that the reduction in spikelet width was caused by decreased cell size rather than cell division. The TH1 protein was shown to localize in the nucleus and possess transcriptional repression activity. TH1 could form a homodimer and point mutation in the s2-89, xd281 and xd425 mutant inhibited homodimerization. The transcriptional repression activity of TH1 was partially relieved by the His129Tyr substitution in the s2-89 mutant. Fusion of an exogenous EAR transcription suppression domain to the mutant protein TH1s2-89 could largely complemented the narrow spikelet phenotype. These results indicate that TH1 functions as a transcription repressor and regulates cell expansion during the lateral development of spikelet.

SUBMITTER: Peng P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5651839 | biostudies-other | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The rice TRIANGULAR HULL1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor in regulating lateral development of spikelet.

Peng Peng P Liu Lihua L Fang Jingjing J Zhao Jinfeng J Yuan Shoujiang S Li Xueyong X

Scientific reports 20171020 1

As a basic unit of rice inflorescence, spikelet has profound influence on grain size, weight and yield. The molecular mechanism underlying spikelet development has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified four allelic rice mutants, s2-89, xd151, xd281 and xd425, which exhibited reduced width of spikelet, especially in the apical region. Map-based cloning revealed that all these mutants had missense mutation in the TRIANGULAR HULL1 (TH1) gene, encoding an ALOG family protein. TH1 has been s ...[more]

PMID: 29057928

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Project description:BackgroundNRP/B, a family member of the BTB/Kelch repeat proteins, is implicated in neuronal and cancer development, as well as the regulation of oxidative stress responses in breast and brain cancer. Our previous studies indicate that the NRP/B-BTB/POZ domain is involved in the dimerization of NRP/B and in a complex formation with the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein. Although much evidence supports the potential role of NRP/B as a tumor suppressor, the molecular mechanisms of NRP/B action on E2F transcription factors have not been elucidated.MethodsThree-dimensional modeling of NRP/B was used to generate point mutations in the BTB/Kelch domains. Tet-on inducible NRP/B expression was established. The NRP/B deficient breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, was generated using lentiviral shNRP/B to evaluate the effect of NRP/B on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction of NRP/B with E2F and histone deacetylase (HDAC-1), and the expression level of NRP/B protein was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Changes in cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Transcriptional activities of E2F transcription factors were measured by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity.ResultsEctopic overexpression of NRP/B demonstrated that the NRP/B-BTB/POZ domain plays a critical role in E2F-mediated transcriptional activity. Point mutations within the BTB/POZ domain restored E2-promoter activity inhibited by NRP/B. Loss of NRP/B enhanced the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Endogenous NRP/B interacted with E2F and HDAC1. Treatement with an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), abolished the NRP/B-mediated suppression of E2-promoter activity. Gain or loss of NRP/B in HeLa cells confirmed the transcriptional repressive capability of NRP/B on the E2F target genes, Cyclin E and HsORC (Homo sapiens Origin Recognition Complex).ConclusionsThe present study shows that NRP/B acts as a transcriptional repressor by interacting with the co-repressors, HDAC1, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms of NRP/B on tumor suppression.

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The rice TRIANGULAR HULL1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor in regulating lateral development of spikelet.

Publications

The rice TRIANGULAR HULL1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor in regulating lateral development of spikelet.

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