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Trends in incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes among elderly hospitalized patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain (2001-2013).

ABSTRACT: Several studies have reported that diabetic persons have an increased risk for fractures than non-diabetes patients. The association between proximal humerus fractures and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is unclear and some studies point to insulin treatment, hypoglycaemic episodes consequently to inadequate control of diabetes or, more recently, to an alteration of trabecular bone. We examined trends in the incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes among hospitalized patients aged ?65 years, with and without T2DM in Spain, 2001-2013.This retrospective, observational study was conducted using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database to select all hospital admissions with proximal humerus fracture. We calculated incidences overall and stratified by diabetes status, year and sex. We analyzed surgical procedures, comorbidities, length of stay, in-hospital complications and in-hospital mortality.We identified 43,872 patients with proximal humerus fracture (18.3% had a T2DM diagnosis). Age-adjusted incidence rates elevated steadily over the study period for men and women with and without T2DM, independently of diabetes status, although we found a stable trend in the later years. Patients with T2DM had lower relative risk of proximal humeral fracture incidence: 0.87 (95%IC 0.82-0.93) for men and 0.97 (95%IC 0.95-1.00) for women. In-hospital complications were 4.0% of diabetic men vs. 2.6% in non-diabetic (p?

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Huedo MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5725839 | biostudies-other | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Trends in incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes among elderly hospitalized patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain (2001-2013).

Martinez-Huedo Maria Angeles MA Jiménez-García Rodrigo R Mora-Zamorano Eduardo E Hernández-Barrera Valentín V Villanueva-Martinez Manuel M Lopez-de-Andres Ana A

BMC musculoskeletal disorders 20171211 1

<h4>Background</h4>Several studies have reported that diabetic persons have an increased risk for fractures than non-diabetes patients. The association between proximal humerus fractures and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is unclear and some studies point to insulin treatment, hypoglycaemic episodes consequently to inadequate control of diabetes or, more recently, to an alteration of trabecular bone. We examined trends in the incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes amon ...[more]

PMID: 29228945

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Project description:BackgroundEarly postoperative physical activity in elderly patients suffering from proximal femoral fractures may reduce mortality. We hypothesized that activity trackers can reliably and objectively monitor the in-hospital mobilization, correlating with functional independence and quality of life.MethodsThree different tracker types (Fitbit™ flex, Misfit™ Shine, and Axivity AX3) at three locations (wrist, ankle, and femur) recorded steps and signal vector magnitudes (SVM) in 22 patients. They were 81 ± 8 years old, were equally distributed between the sexes, and had an ASA score of 2.5 ± 0.6. Single protocoled activity events (n = 191) were clinically categorized into 4 levels and correlated with the monitored signals. Additionally, 2 ± 1 and 8 ± 3 days after the operation, the EuroQol-5D and the Barthel-20 index supplemented this data.ResultsAll measurements at the wrist (Fitbit, Misfit) resulted in unacceptable accuracy; however, sensitivity and specificity reached around 90% using the Misfit at the ankle. Applying this combination, the correlation between real and measured steps (R2 = 0.99) and the category discrimination were statistically significant (p < 0.002). A discriminant analysis featured the calculation of four activity levels based on SVM measurements using the Axivity tracker at the femur. A cluster analysis showed a 100% agreement between the clinically observed and the calculated activity levels. The amount of active minutes or periods and both the EuroQol-5D and the Barthel-20 indices significantly increased between the analyzed time points after the operation. However, only the Barthel-20 was associated with the measured activity levels (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe Misfit and the Axivity trackers can reliably monitor activity in elderly patients after operative treatment of proximal femur fractures. However, the wear location is decisive. Objectively measured activity correlated with functional independence and quality of life.

Project description:BackgroundProximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are generally surgically treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty (HA), or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Diverse fracture patterns and a high prevalence in the elderly population make it difficult to establish objective guidelines for the decision to undergo surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with readmission, reoperation, and nonhome discharge following ORIF, HA, and TSA for PHFs.MethodsData on all patients who underwent ORIF, TSA, or HA for treatment of closed PHF between 2015 and 2017 were obtained by querying the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database. Rates of postoperative readmission, nonhome discharge, and reoperation within 30 days were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of readmission, nonhome discharge, and reoperation.ResultsA total of 2825 patients were included in this study: 1829 underwent ORIF, 707 underwent TSA, and 289 underwent HA. The significant predictors for readmission were having an American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥ 3 (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, P = .003) and being of dependent functional status (OR 3.15, P < .001). The significant predictors for reoperation were male sex (OR 2.41, P < .001) and dependent functional status (OR 2.92, P = .006). The significant predictors for nonhome discharge were age 66-80 years (OR 7.00, P < .001), age ≥ 81 years (OR 16.31, P < .001), American Society of Anesthesiologists ≥3 (OR 2.34, P < .001), dependent functional status (OR 2.48, P < .001), and inpatient status (OR 3.32, P < .001). TSA showed slightly higher rates of nonhome discharge than HA and ORIF.ConclusionSignificant risk factors for readmission, reoperation, and nonhome discharge within 30 days following surgical treatment for PHF were identified. Additionally, TSA was significantly associated with nonhome discharge compared with HA and ORIF.

Project description:Proximal humerus fractures are the third most common in the human body but their management remains controversial. Open reduction and internal fixation with plates is one of the leading modes of operative treatment for these fractures. The development of technologies and techniques for these plates, during the recent decades, promise a bright future for their clinical use. A comprehensive review of in vitro biomechanical studies is needed for the comparison of plates' mechanical performance and the testing methodologies. This will not only guide clinicians with plate selection but also with the design of future in vitro biomechanical studies. This review was aimed to systematically categorise and review the in vitro biomechanical studies of these plates based on their protocols and discuss their results. The technologies and techniques investigated in these studies were categorised and compared to reach a census where possible.Web of Science and Scopus database search yielded 62 studies. Out of these, 51 performed axial loading, torsion, bending and/or combined bending and axial loading while 11 simulated complex glenohumeral movements by using tendons. Loading conditions and set-up, failure criteria and performance parameters, as well as results for each study, were reviewed. Only two studies tested four-part fracture model while the rest investigated two- and three-part fractures. In ten studies, synthetic humeri were tested instead of cadaveric ones. In addition to load-displacement data, three-dimensional motion analysis systems, digital image correlation and acoustic emission testing have been used for measurement.Overall, PHILOS was the most tested plate and locking plates demonstrated better mechanical performance than non-locking ones. Conflicting results have been published for their comparison with non-locking blade plates and polyaxial locking screws. Augmentation with cement [calcium phosphate or poly(methyl methacrylate)] or allografts (fibular and femoral head) was found to improve bone-plate constructs' mechanical performance. Controversy still lies over the use of rigid and semi-rigid implants and the insertion of inferomedial screws for calcar region support. This review will guide the design of in vitro and in silico biomechanical tests and also supplement the study of clinical literature.

Project description:Joint-preserving surgical treatment of complex unstable proximal humerus fractures remains challenging, with high failure rates even following state-of-the-art locked plating. Enhancement of implants could help improve outcomes. By overcoming limitations of conventional biomechanical testing, finite element (FE) analysis enables design optimization but requires stringent validation. This study aimed to computationally enhance the design of an existing locking plate to provide superior fixation stability and evaluate the benefit experimentally in a matched-pair fashion. Further aims were the evaluation of instrumentation accuracy and its potential influence on the specimen-specific predictive ability of FE. Screw trajectories of an existing commercial plate were adjusted to reduce the predicted cyclic cut-out failure risk and define the enhanced (EH) implant design based on results of a previous parametric FE study using 19 left proximal humerus models (Set A). Superiority of EH versus the original (OG) design was tested using nine pairs of human proximal humeri (N = 18, Set B). Specimen-specific CT-based virtual preoperative planning defined osteotomies replicating a complex 3-part fracture and fixation with a locking plate using six screws. Bone specimens were prepared, osteotomized and instrumented according to the preoperative plan via a standardized procedure utilizing 3D-printed guides. Cut-out failure of OG and EH implant designs was compared in paired groups with both FE analysis and cyclic biomechanical testing. The computationally enhanced implant configuration achieved significantly more cycles to cut-out failure compared to the standard OG design (p < 0.01), confirming the significantly lower peri-implant bone strain predicted by FE for the EH versus OG groups (p < 0.001). The magnitude of instrumentation inaccuracies was small but had a significant effect on the predicted failure risk (p < 0.01). The sample-specific FE predictions strongly correlated with the experimental results (R2 = 0.70) when incorporating instrumentation inaccuracies. These findings demonstrate the power and validity of FE simulations in improving implant designs towards superior fixation stability of proximal humerus fractures. Computational optimization could be performed involving further implant features and help decrease failure rates. The results underline the importance of accurate surgical execution of implant fixations and the need for high consistency in validation studies.

Dataset Information

Trends in incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes among elderly hospitalized patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain (2001-2013).

Publications

Trends in incidence of proximal humerus fractures, surgical procedures and outcomes among elderly hospitalized patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain (2001-2013).

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