Dataset Information

Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders.The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and androgen metabolism in men.We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2012 until September 2017.The vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. In women, vitamin D status has been associated with several features of PCOS. In detail, cross-sectional data suggest a regulatory role of vitamin D in PCOS-related aspects such as ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance as well as hyperandrogenism. Moreover, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for metabolic, endocrine and fertility aspects in PCOS. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with androgen levels and hypogonadism. Further, there is some evidence for a favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone concentrations, although others failed to show a significant effect on testosterone levels.In summary, vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse fertility outcomes including PCOS and hypogonadism, but the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. High-quality RCTs are needed to further evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women as well as on androgen levels in men.

SUBMITTER: Trummer C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5854850 | biostudies-other | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review.

Trummer Christian C Pilz Stefan S Schwetz Verena V Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara B Lerchbaum Elisabeth E

Endocrine connections 20180215 3

<h4>Background</h4>Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders.<h4>Aim</h4>The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and androgen metabolism in men.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2012 until September 2017.<h4> ...[more]

PMID: 29449314

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Project description:STUDY QUESTION:Are intrauterine conditions, reflected in birthweight, associated with the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER:Our study indicates that a low birthweight as a summary measure of intrauterine environment may be associated with PCOS when diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN:The etiology of PCOS is still largely unknown. Besides subfertility, women diagnosed with PCOS have an increased risk of chronic health issues. PCOS has been linked to adverse prenatal conditions, including a low birthweight. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION:A systematic search of the literature and meta-analysis of pooled data was undertaken, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHOD:The following online databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL (via EBSCO) and Cochrane library up to 10 June 2017, with no language or date restrictions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:A total of 1484 studies were identified of which 16 met the inclusion criteria and 14 provided data for meta-analysis. The exposure variable birthweight was either analyzed as a categorical variable using the birthweight categories <2.5, 2.5-4 and >4 kg, or as a continuous variable. We composed a birthweight category consisting of birthweights <2.5 kg plus birthweights >4 kg, reflecting extreme birthweights. In a subset analysis, we investigated the association between a low birthweight and PCOS while differentiating between Rotterdam and NIH criteria. When diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria, women born with birthweights lower than 2.5 kg had an odds ratio [95% CI] of 1.76 [1.14,2.70] for PCOS compared to women born with birthweights higher than 2.5 kg. For the latter analysis, we were able include 1252 women (I 2 = 16%). There was no significant effect of birthweight on PCOS when diagnosed according to NIH criteria. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION:The funnel plot of the studies providing data for the meta-analysis and the subset analysis indicates a publication bias. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:A low birthweight could be a risk factor for PCOS when diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS:None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:The protocol of this study was registered at PROSPERO under registration number CRD42016048972.

Project description:IntroductionThis study aims to clarify the role(s) of endogenous sex hormones to influence health outcomes in men, specifically to define the associations of plasma testosterone with incidence of cardiovascular events, cancer, dementia and mortality risk, and to identify factors predicting testosterone concentrations. Data will be accrued from at least three Australian, two European and four North American population-based cohorts involving approximately 20?000 men.Methods and analysisEligible studies include prospective cohort studies with baseline testosterone concentrations measured using mass spectrometry and 5?years of follow-up data on incident cardiovascular events, mortality, cancer diagnoses or deaths, new-onset dementia or decline in cognitive function recorded. Data for men, who were not taking androgens or drugs suppressing testosterone production, metabolism or action; and had no prior orchidectomy, are eligible. Systematic literature searches were conducted from 14 June 2019 to 31 December 2019, with no date range set for searches. Aggregate level data will be sought where individual participant data (IPD) are not available. One-stage IPD random-effects meta-analyses will be performed, using linear mixed models, generalised linear mixed models and either stratified or frailty-augmented Cox regression models. Heterogeneity in estimates from different studies will be quantified and bias investigated using funnel plots. Effect size estimates will be presented in forest plots and non-negligible heterogeneity and bias investigated using subgroup or meta-regression analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals obtained for each of the participating cohorts state that participants have consented to have their data collected and used for research purposes. The Androgens In Men Study has been assessed as exempt from ethics review by the Human Ethics office at the University of Western Australia (file reference number RA/4/20/5014). Each of the component studies had obtained ethics approvals; please refer to respective component studies for details. Research findings will be disseminated to the scientific and broader community via the publication of four research articles, with each involving a separate set of IPD meta-analyses (articles will investigate different, distinct outcomes), at scientific conferences and meetings of relevant professional societies. Collaborating cohort studies will disseminate findings to study participants and local communities.Prospero registration numberCRD42019139668.

Project description:CONTEXT:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders. The impact of PCOS-specific treatments on these co-morbidities is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of weight loss and decreasing hyperandrogenism on HRQOL and mood and anxiety disorders in women with PCOS. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (OWL-PCOS) of preconception treatment conducted at two academic centers in women (age, 18-40 years; body mass index, 27-42 kg/m(2)) with PCOS defined by Rotterdam criteria. INTERVENTION:Continuous oral contraceptive pill (OCP) or intensive lifestyle intervention or the combination (Combined) for 16 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Changes in HRQOL assessed by PCOSQ and SF-36 and prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder assessed by PRIME-MD PHQ. RESULTS:The lowest scores were noted on the general health domain of the SF-36 and the weight and infertility domains on the PCOSQ. All three interventions resulted in significant improvement in the general health score on the SF-36. Both the OCP and Combined groups showed improvements in all domains of the PCOSQ (P < .01) compared to baseline scores. The Combined group had significant improvements in the weight, body hair, and infertility domains compared to a single treatment group (P < .05). In a linear regression model, change in weight correlated with improvements in the weight domain (P < .001) and physical well-being (P < .02), change in T correlated with improvements in the hair domain (P < .001), and change in both weight and T correlated with the infertility (P < .001) and menstrual domains (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS:Both weight loss and OCP use result in significant improvements in several physical and mental domains related to quality of life, depressive symptoms, and anxiety disorders, and combined therapies offer further benefits in overweight/obese women with PCOS.

Project description:Vitamin D may modify risk for cardiometabolic outcomes (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease).To examine the association between vitamin D status, including the effect of vitamin D supplementation, and cardiometabolic outcomes in generally healthy adults.English-language studies in MEDLINE (inception to 4 November 2009) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (fourth quarter of 2009).11 reviewers screened citations to identify longitudinal cohort studies that reported associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes, including randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation.5 independent reviewers extracted data about study conduct, participant characteristics, outcomes, and quality. Differences were resolved by consensus.13 observational studies (14 cohorts) and 18 trials were eligible. Three of 6 analyses (from 4 different cohorts) reported a lower incident diabetes risk in the highest versus the lowest vitamin D status groups. Eight trials found no effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemia or incident diabetes. In meta-analysis of 3 cohorts, lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident hypertension (relative risk, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.4]). In meta-analyses of 10 trials, supplementation nonsignificantly reduced systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, -1.9 mm Hg [CI, -4.2 to 0.4 mm Hg]) and did not affect diastolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, -0.1 mm Hg [CI, -0.7 to 0.5 mm Hg]). Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident cardiovascular disease in 5 of 7 analyses (6 cohorts). Four trials found no effect of supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes.Studies included primarily white participants. Observational studies were heterogeneous. Several trials reported post hoc analyses.The association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes is uncertain. Trials showed no clinically significant effect of vitamin D supplementation at the dosages given.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Public Health Agency of Canada.

Dataset Information

Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review.

Publications

Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review.

Similar Datasets

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