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Automated design of freeform imaging systems.

ABSTRACT: The automated design of imaging systems involving no or minimal human effort has always been the expectation of scientists, researchers and optical engineers. In addition, it is challenging to choose an appropriate starting point for an optical system design. In this paper, we present a novel design framework based on a point-by-point design process that can automatically obtain high-performance freeform systems. This framework only requires a combination of planes as the input based on the configuration requirements or the prior knowledge of designers. This point-by-point design framework is different from the decades-long tradition of optimizing surface coefficients. Compared with the traditional design method, whereby the selection of the starting point and the optimization process are independent of each other and require extensive amount of human effort, there are no obvious differences between these two processes in our design framework, and the entire design process is mostly automated. This automated design process significantly reduces the amount of human effort required and does not rely on advanced design skills and experience. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design framework, we successfully designed two high-performance systems as examples. This point-by-point design framework opens up new possibilities for automated optical design and can be used to develop automated optical design in the areas of remote sensing, telescopy, microscopy, spectroscopy, virtual reality and augmented reality.

SUBMITTER: Yang T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6061905 | biostudies-other | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Automated design of freeform imaging systems.

Yang Tong T Jin Guo-Fan GF Zhu Jun J

Light, science & applications 20171006 10

The automated design of imaging systems involving no or minimal human effort has always been the expectation of scientists, researchers and optical engineers. In addition, it is challenging to choose an appropriate starting point for an optical system design. In this paper, we present a novel design framework based on a point-by-point design process that can automatically obtain high-performance freeform systems. This framework only requires a combination of planes as the input based on the conf ...[more]

PMID: 30167209

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Project description:BackgroundA total of 45% of older adults living in long-term care (LTC) have some form of malnutrition. Several methods of tracking food and fluid intake exist, but they are limited in terms of their accuracy and ease of application. An easy-to-use, objective, accurate, and comprehensive food intake system designed with LTC in mind may provide additional insights regarding nutritional support systems and nutritional interventions.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a multistage participatory iterative design sprint of a Goldilocks quality horizontal prototype for the Automated Food Imaging and Nutrient Intake Tracking (AFINI-T) system. Specific design objectives included the following: (1) identify practice-relevant problems and solutions through user-centered participatory design, (2) mitigate feasibility-related barriers to uptake, and (3) employ user-centered technology development.MethodsA 6-stage iterative participatory design sprint was developed and executed. A total of 38 participants and advisors representing 15 distinct roles (eg, personal support worker, nurse, and dietitian) were engaged in the design sprint. Subjective workload (Raw Task Load Index), subjective usability scales, and a modified Ravden checklist were used to assess project advisors' perceptions of the AFINI-T system prototype compared with the current method of food and fluid intake charting.ResultsThe top priorities for this system were identified as the following: ease of use, high accuracy, system reliability, ease of maintenance, and requirement of integrating with the current PointClickCare system. Data from project advisors informed design decisions leading to a Goldilocks quality horizontal prototype of the AFINI-T system. Compared with the current food and fluid intake charting system, AFINI-T was perceived to have the following: less time demands (t10.8=4.89; P<.001), less effort (t13.5=5.55; P<.001), and less frustration (t13.0=3.80; P=.002). Usability ratings of the AFINI-T prototype were high, with a subjective usability score mean of 89.2 and the highest ratings on a modified Ravden usability checklist of "very satisfactory" for 7 out of 8 sections.ConclusionsThe AFINI-T concept system appears to have good practice relevance as a tool for an intelligent food and fluid intake tracking system in LTC. The AFINI-T concept system may provide improvement over the current system, and advisors are keen to try the AFINI-T system. This research gives tangible examples of how the sprint method can be adapted and applied to the development of novel needs-based application-driven technology.

Project description:Objective and Impact Statement: We developed a generalized computational approach to design uniform, high-intensity excitation light for low-cost, quantitative fluorescence imaging of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo samples with a single device. Introduction: Fluorescence imaging is a ubiquitous tool for biomedical applications. Researchers extensively modify existing systems for tissue imaging, increasing the time and effort needed for translational research and thick tissue imaging. These modifications are application-specific, requiring new designs to scale across sample types. Methods: We implemented a computational model to simulate light propagation from multiple sources. Using a global optimization algorithm and a custom cost function, we determined the spatial positioning of optical fibers to generate 2 illumination profiles. These results were implemented to image core needle biopsies, preclinical mammary tumors, or tumor-derived organoids. Samples were stained with molecular probes and imaged with uniform and nonuniform illumination. Results: Simulation results were faithfully translated to benchtop systems. We demonstrated that uniform illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis compared to nonuniform illumination and was concordant with traditional histological findings. The computational approach was used to optimize the illumination geometry for the purposes of imaging 3 different fluorophores through a mammary window chamber model. Illumination specifically designed for intravital tumor imaging generated higher image contrast compared to the case in which illumination originally optimized for biopsy images was used. Conclusion: We demonstrate the significance of using a computationally designed illumination for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Application-specific illumination increased the reliability of intraimage analysis and enhanced the local contrast of biological features. This approach is generalizable across light sources, biological applications, and detectors.

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Automated design of freeform imaging systems.

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Automated design of freeform imaging systems.

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