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An Ethanolic Extract of Allium hookeri Root Alleviates Reflux Esophagitis and Modulates NF-?B Signaling.

ABSTRACT: Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a kind of gastroesophageal reflux disease, of which an esophageal inflammatory lesion is caused by the contents of the stomach and duodenum flowing back into the esophagus. Allium hookeri is a plant possessing both nutritional and medicinal properties. In our study, we investigated the inhibition effect of inflammation of A. hookeri root extract (AHE) on inflammatory RAW264.7 macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and rat models of RE. The results showed that AHE significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the protein expression levels of various mediators related to inflammation including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?). Furthermore, AHE also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) by inhibiting the phosphorylation I?B?. In addition, AHE administration significantly ameliorated esophageal mucosal damage upon histological evaluation of RE in rats. AHE was also found to downregulate the expression levels of proteins such as COX-2, TNF-?, and IL-1? in the rat esophagus. AHE markedly attenuated activation of NF-?B and phosphorylation of I?B? at the same time. These results indicated that AHE suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and may help reduce the development of esophagitis through the modulation of inflammation by regulating NF-?B activation.

SUBMITTER: Nan L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6196785 | biostudies-other | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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An Ethanolic Extract of Allium hookeri Root Alleviates Reflux Esophagitis and Modulates NF-κB Signaling.

Nan Li L Nam Hyeon Hwa HH Choo Byung Kil BK Park Jin Cheon JC Kim Dae Geun DG Lee Jeong Ho JH Moon Kwang Hyun KH

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20181008

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a kind of gastroesophageal reflux disease, of which an esophageal inflammatory lesion is caused by the contents of the stomach and duodenum flowing back into the esophagus. Allium hookeri is a plant possessing both nutritional and medicinal properties. In our study, we investigated the inhibition effect of inflammation of A. hookeri root extract (AHE) on inflammatory RAW264.7 macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and rat models of RE. The results ...[more]

PMID: 30402117

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Project description:Background and study aims ?Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) includes minimal change esophagitis (MCE) and no endoscopic abnormalities. However, for most endoscopists, it is difficult to detect MCE with conventional white-light endoscopy (WLE). Linked color imaging (LCI) technology is the most recently developed image-enhancing technology and improves detection and differentiation of subtle mucosal changes using a color contrast method. This study assessed the efficacy of WLE combined with LCI for diagnosing MCE compared with WLE. Patients and methods ?Between February and May 2017, 44 NERD patients and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled in our study. First, the distal esophagus was examined using WLE followed by LCI. Second, three experienced endoscopists observed all the patients' white-light (WL) images and corresponding images of WL and LCI and then recorded presence or absence of minimal change esophagitis (MCE?+/-). The proportion of minimal change between the two groups was then compared. Third, five blinded endoscopists with different levels of endoscopic experience assessed whether MCE was present. Intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement were described using the kappa value. Results ?The proportion of MCE in the NERD group (70.8?%, 35/48) was higher than that in the control group (22.5?%, 9/40, P ?<?0.001) when diagnosed by the three experienced endoscopists. Detection rates for MCE using WLE combined with LCI were higher than those using WLE (43/88, 48.9?% vs. 29/88, 33.0?%, P ?<?0.001). With WLE combined with LCI, intraobserver reproducibility signi?cantly improved, indicating that the combined approach can improve interobserver agreement compared with using WLE alone. Conclusions ?Endoscopic diagnosis of MCE using WLE combined with LCI images is effective. Intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement in MCE can be improved when LCI is applied with conventional imaging (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03068572).

Dataset Information

An Ethanolic Extract of Allium hookeri Root Alleviates Reflux Esophagitis and Modulates NF-?B Signaling.

Publications

An Ethanolic Extract of <i>Allium hookeri</i> Root Alleviates Reflux Esophagitis and Modulates NF-<i>κ</i>B Signaling.

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