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Is Vigorous Exercise Training Superior to Moderate for CVD Risk after Menopause?

ABSTRACT: Postmenopausal women have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease through many factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Endurance training improves coronary risk but the role of exercise intensity is unclear. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of moderate versus vigorous exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Thirty-six postmenopausal women who self-reported training at moderate (3-5.9 METS; n=18; age 58.9±4.4yr) or vigorous intensities (>6 METS; n=18; age 59.7±5.2yr) participated. C-reactive protein (CRP), HRV, VO 2 max, and stress (Perceived Stress Survey, Menopause Rating Scale) were measured. Groups were compared using independent samples t- tests, and associations of exercise intensities with CRP and HRV were assessed using multiple regression. CRP, HRV, and VO 2 max were similar ( p >0.05). Vigorous exercise had lower stress subscale scores ( p <0.01) and higher counter-stress subscale scores compared to moderate ( p <0.05). There was a positive association between time spent in vigorous exercise and HRV ( p <0.05).Vigorous exercise may not confer additional benefits in CRP and HRV over moderate, except for stress reduction. However, more time spent in vigorous exercise was associated with higher HRV. Therefore, increased parasympathetic tone may provide cardioprotection after menopause.

SUBMITTER: Orri JC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6226081 | biostudies-other | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Is Vigorous Exercise Training Superior to Moderate for CVD Risk after Menopause?

Orri Julia Constance JC Hughes Elizabeth M EM Mistry Deepa G DG Scala Antone H AH

Sports medicine international open 20170801 5

Postmenopausal women have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease through many factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Endurance training improves coronary risk but the role of exercise intensity is unclear. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of moderate versus vigorous exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Thirty-six postmenopausal women who self-reported training at moderate (3-5.9 METS; n ...[more]

PMID: 30539103

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Project description:AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Exercise represents an effective interventional strategy to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the impact of exercise intensity on the benefits of exercise training remains to be established. In the present study, we compared the clinical benefits of 6 months of continuous low- to moderate-intensity exercise training with those of continuous moderate- to high-intensity exercise training, matched for energy expenditure, in obese type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Fifty male obese type 2 diabetes patients (age 59 +/- 8 years, BMI 32 +/- 4 kg/m(2)) participated in a 6 month continuous endurance-type exercise training programme. All participants performed three supervised exercise sessions per week, either 55 min at 50% of whole body peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak (low to moderate intensity) or 40 min at 75% of VO(2)peak (moderate to high intensity). Oral glucose tolerance, blood glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, body composition, maximal workload capacity, whole body and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and skeletal muscle fibre type composition were assessed before and after 2 and 6 months of intervention. RESULTS: The entire 6 month intervention programme was completed by 37 participants. Continuous endurance-type exercise training reduced blood glycated haemoglobin levels, LDL-cholesterol concentrations, body weight and leg fat mass, and increased VO(2)peak, lean muscle mass and skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase activity (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups training at low to moderate or moderate to high intensity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: When matched for energy cost, prolonged continuous low- to moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise training is equally effective as continuous moderate- to high-intensity training in lowering blood glycated haemoglobin and increasing whole body and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in obese type 2 diabetes patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN32206301 FUNDING: None.

Project description:IntroductionDepression is common, increasing among adolescents and carries risk of disability, lower educational achievements, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, self-harm and suicide. The effects of evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy are modest. Aerobic exercise is a promising intervention for adolescents with depression, but available studies are hampered by methodological shortcomings. This study aims to evaluate aerobic group exercise versus an active comparator of leisure group activities in adolescents from clinical services with mild-to-moderate depression.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial at four psychiatric clinics in Sweden. Participants (n=122) will be randomised 1:1 to group exercise delivered by exercise professionals and supported by mental health (MH) workers or leisure activities lead by the same MH workers for 1 hour three times a week for 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed at baseline, single blind after 13 weeks and 26 weeks and openly after 1 year. Participants randomised to the leisure group will be offered exercise in the open phase. The primary outcome is clinician-rated Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Secondary outcomes are self-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-rated functioning; clinician-rated improvement and functioning; objectively measured aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition and presence or activity of selected biological markers of neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in blood samples. Further outcomes are cost-effectiveness and adolescents', parents' and coaches' experiences of the interventions and an exploration of how the adolescents' health and lifestyle are influenced by the interventions through qualitative interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Ref. 2021-05307-01). Informed consent in writing will be provided from patients and parents of participants below 15 years of age. The results of this study will be communicated to the included participants and healthcare providers and also submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05076214.

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Is Vigorous Exercise Training Superior to Moderate for CVD Risk after Menopause?

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Is Vigorous Exercise Training Superior to Moderate for CVD Risk after Menopause?

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