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Long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparin in a patient with Heartware BIVAD (HVAD) with underlying sustained ventricular fibrillation.

ABSTRACT: We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with Heartware (Framingham, MA, USA) biventricular assist device (BIVAD) implantation who had long-term sustained ventricular fibrillation and was managed on low-molecular-weight heparin for up to two years without any adverse events. The successful outcome in this case provides a clue that the long-term management of Heartware BIVADs with low-molecular-weight heparins could be a viable option even in patients with underlying malignant arrhythmias. .

SUBMITTER: Chandola R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6283705 | biostudies-other | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparin in a patient with Heartware BIVAD (HVAD) with underlying sustained ventricular fibrillation.

Chandola Rahul R Buchholz Holger H Macarthur Roderick R

Journal of cardiology cases 20160907 6

We report the case of a 59-year-old patient with Heartware (Framingham, MA, USA) biventricular assist device (BIVAD) implantation who had long-term sustained ventricular fibrillation and was managed on low-molecular-weight heparin for up to two years without any adverse events. The successful outcome in this case provides a clue that the long-term management of Heartware BIVADs with low-molecular-weight heparins could be a viable option even in patients with underlying malignant arrhythmias. <<b ...[more]

PMID: 30546687

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Project description:BackgroundAdults who require long-term anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) such as cancer patients or the elderly may be at increased risk of fractures.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of LMWH therapy of at least 3 months' duration on fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in non-pregnant adult populations.MethodsWe systematically reviewed electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE), conferences and bibliographies until June 2015 and included comparative studies in non-pregnant adult populations that examined the effects of LMWH (≥3 months) on fractures and BMD. We synthesized evidence qualitatively and used random-effects meta-analysis to quantify the effect of LMWH on fractures.ResultsSixteen articles reporting 14 studies were included: 10 clinical trials (n = 4865 participants) and four observational cohort studies (3 prospective, n = 221; 1 retrospective, n = 30). BMD and fractures were secondary outcomes in the majority of trials, while they were primary outcomes in the majority of observational studies. In participants with venous thromboembolism and underlying cardiovascular disease or cancer (5 RCTs, n = 2280), LMWH for 3-6 months did not increase the relative risk of all fractures at 6-12 months compared to unfractionated heparin, oral vitamin K antagonists or placebo [pooled risk ratio (RR) = 0.58, 95 % CI: 0.23-1.43; I(2) = 12.5 %]. No statistically significant increase in the risk of fractures at 6-12 months was found for cancer patients (RR = 1.08, 95 % CI: 0.31-3.75; I(2) = 4.4 %). Based on the data from two prospective cohort studies (n = 166), LMWH for 3-24 months decreased mean BMD by 2.8-4.8 % (depending on the BMD site) compared to mean BMD decreases of 1.2-2.5 % with oral vitamin K antagonists.ConclusionsLMWH for 3-6 months may not increase the risk of fractures, but longer exposure for up to 24 months may adversely affect BMD. Clinicians should consider monitoring BMD in adults on long-term LMWH who are at increased risk of bone loss or fracture.

Project description:With increasing life-expectancy and changing demographics, non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently the most common indication for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Due to a decreasing trend in the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), valve disease as a primary cause of AF now constitutes a small fraction of all people with AF. Moreover, emerging data also indicate that, patients with significant valve disease and AF may have a risk of stroke similar to, if not lower than, those with non-valvular AF. Previous trials of anticoagulation for AF excluded people from LMICs partly because valvular AF constituted a large proportion of those with AF, and it was thought to confer a prohibitively high risk of stroke. Trialists should therefore be less reluctant to include patients with AF from LMICs in general, and those with valve disease in particular, in future trials of anticoagulation. The quality of vitamin K antagonist based oral anticoagulation remains poor in LMICs to a large extent because of poor monitoring. The widespread use of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) presents a practical approach to improve anticoagulation quality. Randomised trials of DOACs in valvular AF are particularlycriticalto bridge the knowledge gap in this area. Discussions regarding oral anticoagulation (OAC) use in low and middle income countries (LMICs) have historicallybeendominated by severallong-held beliefs. The first is that the quality of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) based anticoagulation is poor in these countries. The veracity of this assumption is supported by a large number of studies documenting both lower prescription of OACs, and a lower proportion of international normalised ratio (INR) values in the therapeutic range.1The second is that a large proportion of patients receiving OAC in LMICs have atrial fibrillation (AF) related to valvular heart disease, and rheumatic mitral stenosis in particular. This assumption, perhaps valid several decades ago, is no longer supported by the data. Finally, patients with valvular heart disease and AF (specifically those with moderate or severe valve lesions), are thought to be at prohibitively high thromboembolic risk. 2 However, recent evidence suggests that this risk may have been overestimated.34Nevertheless, the aforementioned assumptions continue to contribute to the underrepresentation of patients from LMICs in clinical trials of oral anticoagulation. Knowledge of the characteristics of contemporary patients in LMICs who are eligible for long-term OAC, estimates of their stroke risk, and a better understanding of the drivers of poor anticoagulation quality, may help guide research and clinical practice. In this review, we seek to provide an evidence-based perspective on OAC use in patients with AF living in LMICs and China.

Dataset Information

Long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparin in a patient with Heartware BIVAD (HVAD) with underlying sustained ventricular fibrillation.

Publications

Long-term use of low-molecular-weight heparin in a patient with Heartware BIVAD (HVAD) with underlying sustained ventricular fibrillation.

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