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SGLT2 knockout prevents hyperglycemia and is associated with reduced pancreatic ?-cell death in genetically obese mice.

ABSTRACT: Inhibition of the sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) has received growing acceptance as a novel, safe and effective means to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of SGLT2 lowers the renal glucose threshold and reduces plasma glucose by promoting glucose excretion in urine. Both animal studies and clinical trials in man suggest that SGLT2 inhibition has the potential to improve pancreatic ?-cell function by reducing glucose toxicity. However, there is limited data exploring how reducing glucotoxicity via SGLT2 inhibition affects rates of ?-cell proliferation and death throughout life in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. SGLT2-/- mice were backcrossed to the db/db strain to produce littermate control db/db-SGLT2+/+ and experimental db/db-SGLT2-/- mice. Mice were euthanized at 5, 12 and 20 weeks of age to collect plasma for glucose, insulin, lipid and cytokine measures, and pancreata for histological analysis including determination of ?-cell mass and rates of proliferation and death. SGLT2 deletion in db/db mice reduced plasma glucose as early as 5 weeks of age and continued throughout life without changes in plasma lipids or cytokines. Reduced plasma glucose levels occurred in parallel with an increase in the relative ?-cell volume and reduced frequency of ?-cell death, and no apparent change in rates of ?-cell proliferation. These data add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that improved glycemic control achieved through SGLT2 inhibition can preserve ?-cell function and endogenous insulin secretion by reducing glucose toxicity and rates of ?-cell death.

SUBMITTER: Jurczak MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6284495 | biostudies-other | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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SGLT2 knockout prevents hyperglycemia and is associated with reduced pancreatic β-cell death in genetically obese mice.

Jurczak Michael J MJ Saini Saumya S Ioja Simona S Costa Diana K DK Udeh Nnamdi N Zhao Xiaojian X Whaley Jean M JM Kibbey Richard G RG

Islets 20180817 5

Inhibition of the sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) has received growing acceptance as a novel, safe and effective means to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of SGLT2 lowers the renal glucose threshold and reduces plasma glucose by promoting glucose excretion in urine. Both animal studies and clinical trials in man suggest that SGLT2 inhibition has the potential to improve pancreatic β-cell function by reducing glucose toxicity. However, there is li ...[more]

PMID: 30118626

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Project description:BackgroundColorectal cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer, in which some advanced patients would develop cancer cachexia (CAC). CAC is defined as a multi-factorial syndrome characterized by weight loss and muscle loss (with or without fat mass), leading to progressive dysfunction, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. ApcMin/+ mice develop spontaneous intestinal adenoma, which provides an established model of colorectal cancer for CAC study. Upon studying the ApcMin/+ mouse model, we observed a marked decrease in weight gain beginning around week 15. Such a reduction in weight gain was rescued when ApcMin/+ mice were crossed with MMP12-/- mice, indicating that MMP12 has a role in age-related ApcMin/+-associated weight loss. As a control, the weight of MMP12-/- mice on a weekly basis, their weight were not significantly different from those of WT mice.MethodsApcMin/+; MMP12-/- mice were obtained by crossing ApcMin/+ mice with MMP12 knockout (MMP12 -/-) mice. Histological scores were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. MMP12 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA, protein microarrays and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were used to investigate whether tumor could up-regulate IL-6. Cell-based assays and western blot were used to verify the regulatory relationship between IL-6 and MMP12. Fluorescence intensity was measured to determine whether MMP12 is associated with insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in vitro. MMP12 inhibitors were used to explore whether MMP12 could affect the body weight of ApcMin/+ mice.ResultsMMP12 knockout led to weight gain and expansion of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (all mice had C57BL/6 background) in ApcMin/+ mice, while inhibiting MMP12 could suppress weight loss in ApcMin/+ mice. MMP12 was up-regulated in muscle tissues and peritoneal macrophages of ApcMin/+ mice. IL-6 in tumor cells and colorectal cancer patients is up-regulation. IL-6 stimulated MMP12 secretion of macrophage.ConclusionsMMP12 is essential for controlling body weight of Apc Min/+ mice. Our study shows that it exists the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages in muscle tissues that tumor cells secrete IL-6 inducing macrophages to up-regulate MMP12. This study may provide a new perspective of MMP12 in the treatment for weight loss induced by CAC.

Dataset Information

SGLT2 knockout prevents hyperglycemia and is associated with reduced pancreatic ?-cell death in genetically obese mice.

Publications

SGLT2 knockout prevents hyperglycemia and is associated with reduced pancreatic β-cell death in genetically obese mice.

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