Dataset Information

The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children.

ABSTRACT: AIM:The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS:This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months' to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS:The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION:Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

SUBMITTER: Mojtahedi SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6290420 | biostudies-other | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children.

Mojtahedi Sayed Yousef SY Rahbarimanesh Aliakbar A Khedmat Leila L Izadi Anahita A

Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences 20181108 11

<h4>Aim</h4>The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016.<h4>Methods</h4>This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months' to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as t ...[more]

PMID: 30559854

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Project description:BackgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health globally. Irrational utilization of antibiotics being one of the main reasons of antibiotic resistant. Children as a special group, there's more chance of getting infected. Although most of the infection is viral in etiology, antibiotics still are the most frequently prescribed medications for children. Therefore, high use of antibiotics among children raises concern about the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing. This systematic review aims to measuring prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children in China.MethodsEnglish and Chinese databases were searched to identify relevant studies evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children (0-18 years), which were published between 2010 and July 2020. A Meta-analysis of prevalence was performed using random effect model. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and modified Jadad score was used to assess risk of bias of studies. In addition, we explored the risk factors of antibiotic utilization in Chinese children using qualitative analysis.ResultsOf 10,075 studies identified, 98 eligible studies were included after excluded duplicated studies. A total of 79 studies reported prevalence and 42 studies reported risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children. The overall prevalence of antibiotic utilization among outpatients and inpatients were 63.8% (35 studies, 95% confidence interval (CI): 55.1-72.4%), and 81.3% (41 studies, 95% CI: 77.3-85.2%), respectively. In addition, the overall prevalence of caregiver's self-medicating of antibiotics for children at home was 37.8% (4 studies, 95% CI: 7.9-67.6%). The high prevalence of antibiotics was associated with multiple factors, while lacking of skills and knowledge in both physicians and caregivers was the most recognized risk factor, caregivers put pressure on physicians to get antibiotics and self-medicating with antibiotics at home for children also were the main factors attributed to this issue.ConclusionThe prevalence of antibiotic utilization in Chinese children is heavy both in hospitals and home. It is important for government to develop more effective strategies to improve the irrational use of antibiotic, especially in rural setting.

Project description:Objective:To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy and acute symptomatic seizures in school-aged children in Kilifi, Kenya. Methods:Randomly selected children (N = 11,223) were screened for epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Those who screened positive were invited for further clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), and neuropsychological evaluations. Prevalence was measured by dividing cases by screened population, providing Agresti-Coull confidence intervals (CIs). Prevalence ratios were computed using log binomial regression, and odds ratios (ORs) were computed using logistic regression; both were implemented with generalized linear models. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental impairments were assessed in cases and controls. Results:Prevalence of lifetime epilepsy was 20.9 per 1,000 (95% CI = 18.4-23.7), and that of active epilepsy was 11.5 per 1,000 (95% CI = 9.7-13.6). Prevalence of acute symptomatic seizures was 68.8 per 1,000 (95% CI = 64.2-73.6). Acute symptomatic seizures preceded a diagnosis of epilepsy in 8% of children. Of 98 children diagnosed with epilepsy, focal seizures were seen in 79%, abnormal EEG was seen in 39%, and 83% were not receiving antiepileptic drugs. Childhood absence epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut epilepsy were the most easily identifiable epilepsy syndromes. Perinatal complications, previous hospitalization, geophagia, and snoring were risk factors for epilepsy. Family history of seizures, abnormal pregnancy, previous hospitalization, and snoring were risk factors for acute symptomatic seizures. Neurobehavioral comorbidities were present in 54% of subjects with lifetime epilepsy and in 3% of controls, with associations for individual comorbidities being statistically significant: ADHD (OR = 14.55, 95% CI = 7.54-28.06), ASD (OR = 36.83, 95% CI = 7.97-170.14), and cognitive impairments (OR = 14.55, 95% CI = 3.52-60.14). Significance:The burden of seizure disorders in this area is higher than in locations in high-income countries, and can be reduced by preventing risk factors. A comprehensive management plan for neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy should be incorporated into standard epilepsy care.

Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of myopia has increased in recent years, with changes being dynamic and uneven in different regions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of visual impairment caused by myopia in Bulgarian school children, associated risk factors, and health care coverage.MethodsA cross-sectional study among 1401 children (mean age 10.38, standard deviation 2.70) is conducted in three locations in Bulgaria from 2016 to 2020. Refractive error is measured with an auto-refractor in the absence of cycloplegia, the visual acuity is assessed without refractive error correction. A paper-based preliminary questionnaire is used to collect data on previous eye examinations, prescribed optical vision correction, regularity of wearing corrective glasses and risk factors.ResultsChildren with myopic objective refraction ≤ -0.75 D and decimal visual acuity ≤ 0.8 on at least one of the eyes are 236 out of 1401 or 16.85%. The prevalence of myopia varies depending on age, geographical location, and school profile. The rate of myopic children in age group 6-10 is 14.2% compared to 19.9% in age group 11-15. The prevalence of myopic children in the urban populations is 31.4% (capital) and 19.9% (medium-sized town) respectively, and only 8.4% in the rural population. Our results show 53% increase of the prevalence of myopia in the age group 11-15 compared to a 2009 report. The analysis of data associated with health care coverage factors of all myopic pupils shows that 71.6% had a previous eye examination, 43.2% have prescription for corrective glasses, 27.5% wear their glasses regularly. Risk factors for higher odds of myopia are gender (female), age (adolescence), and parents with impaired vision. Residence in a small town and daily sport activities correspond to lower odds for myopia. The screen time (time in front of the screen calculated in hours per day) is self-reported and is not associated with increased odds of myopia when accounted for the other risk factors.ConclusionsThe prevalence of myopia in this study is higher compared to previous studies in Bulgaria. Additional studies would be helpful in planning adequate prevention and vision care.

Dataset Information

The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children.

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The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children.

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