Dataset Information

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Carbon Traits of High-Yielding European Hybrid vs. Line Winter Wheat Cultivars: Potentials and Limitations.

ABSTRACT: In contrast to allogamous crops, hybrid wheat has only recently been fostered by breeding companies in Europe. Hybrid cultivars are often associated with higher stress resistance, e.g. under drought conditions, but little is known about the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of modern hybrid wheat cultivars. Therefore, four high-yielding European hybrid and nine line winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown under three N regimes in a high-yielding German environment and compared over 3 years at anthesis and maturity for 53 direct and indirect traits of yield formation and N allocation. Dry matter and N uptake were determined on the plant and plant organ levels. Commercial heterosis, expressing the performance of hybrid in comparison to line cultivars, was positive for about one-third of the 53 direct and indirect N and carbon traits. On average, hybrid cultivars yielded more grain (+5.5%), mainly due to a higher harvest index (+3.5%) together with higher post-anthesis assimilation and more grains per spike. However, grain N content was lower for hybrids (-8.5%), so their grain N uptake was not higher. This went along with comparable trait values for N translocation and the temporal N uptake of the different plant organs. Current wheat hybrids seem to be more efficient in overall N use because they are better at converting (higher N utilization efficiency) comparable amounts of N uptake (N uptake efficiency) into grain biomass. The results suggest that given increased seed costs for hybrids, the yield advantage of hybrid cultivars over locally adapted line cultivars will have to be further increased for establishing hybrids in low-stress, high-yielding environments.

SUBMITTER: Prey L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6344469 | biostudies-other | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Carbon Traits of High-Yielding European Hybrid vs. Line Winter Wheat Cultivars: Potentials and Limitations.

Prey Lukas L Kipp Sebastian S Hu Yuncai Y Schmidhalter Urs U

Frontiers in plant science 20190117

In contrast to allogamous crops, hybrid wheat has only recently been fostered by breeding companies in Europe. Hybrid cultivars are often associated with higher stress resistance, e.g. under drought conditions, but little is known about the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of modern hybrid wheat cultivars. Therefore, four high-yielding European hybrid and nine line winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars were grown under three N regimes in a high-yielding German environment and compared ...[more]

PMID: 30705683

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Project description:To satisfy future demands, the increase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is inevitable. Simultaneously, maintaining high crop productivity and efficient use of nutrients, especially nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), are essential for sustainable agriculture. NUE and its components are inherently complex and highly influenced by environmental factors, nitrogen management practices and genotypic variation. Therefore, a better understanding of their genetic basis and regulation is fundamental. To investigate NUE-related traits and their genetic and environmental regulation, field trials were evaluated in a Central European wheat collection of 93 cultivars at two nitrogen input levels across three seasons. This elite germplasm collection was genotyped on DArTseq® genotypic platform to identify loci affecting N-related complex agronomic traits. To conduct robust genome-wide association mapping, the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium were examined. Population structure was investigated by various methods and two subpopulations were identified. Their separation is based on the breeding history of the cultivars, while analysis of linkage disequilibrium suggested that selective pressures had acted on genomic regions bearing loci with remarkable agronomic importance. Besides NUE, genetic basis for variation in agronomic traits indirectly affecting NUE and its components, moreover genetic loci underlying response to nitrogen fertilisation were also determined. Altogether, 183 marker-trait associations (MTA) were identified spreading over almost the entire genome. We found that most of the MTAs were environmental-dependent. The present study identified several associated markers in those genomic regions where previous reports had found genes or quantitative trait loci influencing the same traits, while most of the MTAs revealed new genomic regions. Our data provides an overview of the allele composition of bread wheat varieties anchored to DArTseq® markers, which will facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis of NUE and agronomically important traits.

Project description:Both the temperate-humid zone and the southern part of the Mediterranean climate region of Chile are characterized by high wheat productivity. Study objectives were to analyze the yield potential, yield progress, and genetic progress of the winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and changes in agronomic and morphophysiological traits during the past 60 years. Thus, two field experiments: (a) yield potential and (b) yield genetic progress trials were conducted in high-yielding environments of central-southern Chile during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. In addition, yield progress was analyzed using yield historical data of a high-yielding environment from 1957 to 2017. Potential yield trials showed that, at the most favorable sites, grain yield reached ∼20.46 Mg ha-1. The prolonged growing and grain filling period, mild temperatures in December-January, ample water availability, and favorable soil conditions explain this high-potential yield. Yield progress analysis indicated that average grain yield increased from 2.70 Mg ha-1 in 1959 to 12.90 Mg ha-1 in 2017, with a 128.8 kg ha-1 per-year increase due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. For genetic progress trials, genetic gain in grain yield from 1965 to 2019 was 70.20 kg ha-1 (0.49%) per year, representing around 55% of the yield progress. Results revealed that the genetic gains in grain yield were related to increases in biomass partitioning toward reproductive organs, without significant increases in Shoot DW production. In addition, reducing trends in the NDVI, the fraction of intercepted PAR, the intercepted PAR (form emergence to heading), and the RGB-derived vegetation indices with the year of cultivar release were detected. These decreases could be due to the erectophile leaf habit, which enhanced photosynthetic activity, and thus grain yield increased. Also, senescence of bottom canopy leaves (starting from booting) could be involved by decreasing the ability of spectral and RGB-derived vegetation indices to capture the characteristics of green biomass after the booting stage. Contrary, a positive correlation was detected for intercepted PAR from heading to maturity, which could be due to a stay-green mechanism, supported by the trend of positive correlations of Chlorophyll content with the year of cultivar release.

Project description:Nitrogen (N) fertilizer represents a significant cost for the grower and may also have environmental impacts through nitrate leaching and N2O (a greenhouse gas) emissions associated with denitrification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the genetic variability in N-use efficiency (NUE) in Indian spring wheat cultivars and identify traits for improved NUE for application in breeding. Twenty eight bread wheat cultivars and two durum wheat cultivars were tested in field experiments in two years in Maharashtra, India. Detailed growth analysis was conducted at anthesis and harvest including dry matter (DM) and N partitioning. Senescence of the flag leaf was assessed from a visual score every 3-4 days from anthesis to complete flag-leaf senescence and fitted against thermal time to estimate the onset and end of post-anthesis senescence. Grain yield (GY) was reduced under low N (LN) by an average of 1.46?t ha-1 (-28%). Significant N?×?genotype level interaction was observed for grain yield and NUE. Above-ground N uptake at harvest was reduced from 162?kg N ha-1 under high N (HN) to 85?kg N ha-1 under low N (LN) conditions, while N-utilization efficiency (grain DM yield per unit crop N uptake at harvest; NUtE) increased from 32.7 to 44.6?kg DM kg-1 N. Genetic variation in GY under LN related mainly to variation in N uptake at harvest rather than NUtE; and the N?×?genotype effect for GY was mainly explained by the interaction for N uptake at harvest. Averaging across years, the linear regression of onset of flag-leaf senescence on GY amongst cultivars was significant under both HN (R2 0.16. p?<?0.05) and LN (R2 0.21, p?<?0.05) conditions. Onset of flag-leaf senescence was positively associated with N uptake at anthesis under HN (R2 0.34, p?<?0.001) and LN (R2 0.22, p?<?0.01) conditions. Flag-leaf senescence timing was not associated with post-anthesis N uptake. It is concluded that increased N accumulation at anthesis was correlated with flag-leaf senescence timing and that N accumulation at anthesis is an important trait for enhancing grain yield and NUE of wheat grown under low to moderate N supply in India.

Project description:Enhancing crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key requirement for both economic and ecological reasons. Consequently, the genotypic potential for NUE in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) requires further exploitation. Emerging plant phenomic techniques may provide knowledge about traits contributing to grain N uptake (GNup) and grain yield (GY). However, the understanding of beneficial strategies concerning the temporal dynamics of NUE and GY formation and the role of plant organs is still scarce especially under high-yielding European conditions-particularly to discriminate interesting lines in the breeding process. Thus, screening for potentially useful NUE traits in terms of variation, stability, and contribution to target traits will be an essential prerequisite for the development of efficient phenotyping strategies. Therefore, 46 NUE and yield formation traits were assessed in a population of 75 breeding lines over 3 years from 2015 to 2017 in southern Germany, including dry matter (DM), N concentration, and N uptake at anthesis and maturity, both at the aboveground-plant and plant organ levels. Significant genotype and genotypexenvironment effects were observed for all traits. While GY was more related to post-anthesis assimilation, also DM translocation contributed substantially to GY by 31-44%. At maturity, total aboveground DM as opposed to harvest index predominantly determined GY. NUE for GY was better described by N uptake efficiency than by N utilization efficiency. GNup was greatly influenced by variation in GY, but not in grain N concentration, and by total N uptake and not the N harvest index. Post-anthesis N uptake highly depended on the year and was low in comparison to N translocation. However, post-anthesis N uptake was always correlated with GNup, suggesting the need to also consider stay-green strategies under temperate growing conditions. While anthesis traits were only moderately descriptive, GY will be enhanced by increasing total biomass and the N uptake efficiency. Similarly, targeting total N uptake, particularly at post-anthesis, seems to be a rewarding strategy to boost GNup. Thus, high-throughput phenotyping should be targeted rather toward detecting traits related to DM and N acquisition than to the internal allocation and rather to post-anthesis than to anthesis traits.

Project description:Accurate and timely nitrogen (N) scheduling requires knowledge of in-season crop N deficit. Therefore, understanding the association between crop growth and crop N demand during its growth period is imperative for fine-tuning N scheduling decisions to actual crop N demand and to enhance N use efficiency. The concept of the critical N dilution curve has been employed to assess and quantify the intensity and time of crop N deficit. However, research regarding the association between crop N deficit and N use efficiency in wheat is limited. The present study was carried out to determine whether there are relationships between the accumulated nitrogen deficit (Nand) and agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) as well as with its components (N fertilizer recovery efficiency (REN) and N fertilizer physiological efficiency (PEN)) of winter wheat and to explore the potential capacity of Nand for predicting AEN and its components. Data acquired from five variable N rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha−1) field experiments using six winter wheat cultivars were used to establish and validate the relationships between Nand and AEN, REN, and PEN. The results indicated that plant N concentration in winter wheat was significantly affected by N application rates. Nand varied from −65.73 to 104.37 kg ha−1 after Feekes stage 6 under different N application rates. The AEN and its components were also affected by cultivars, N levels, seasons, and growth stages. A positive correlation was observed between Nand, AEN, and its components. Validation using an independent data set showed the robustness of the newly developed empirical models to accurately predict AEN, REN, and PEN with an RMSE of 3.43 kg kg−1, 4.22%, and 3.67 kg kg−1 and RRMSE of 17.53%, 12.46%, and 13.17%, respectively. This indicates that Nand has the potential to predict AEN and its components during the growth period of winter wheat. The findings will assist in improving in-season N use efficiency by fine-tuning N scheduling decisions in winter wheat cultivation.

Dataset Information

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Carbon Traits of High-Yielding European Hybrid vs. Line Winter Wheat Cultivars: Potentials and Limitations.

Publications

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Carbon Traits of High-Yielding European Hybrid vs. Line Winter Wheat Cultivars: Potentials and Limitations.

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