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Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses

ABSTRACT: T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced Ca2+ signals are essential for T-cell activation and function. In this context, mitochondria play an important role and take up Ca2+ to support elevated bioenergetic demands. However, the functional relevance of the mitochondrial-Ca2+-uniporter (MCU) complex in T-cells was not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that TCR activation causes rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake in primary naive and effector human CD4+ T-cells. Compared to naive T-cells, effector T-cells display elevated mCa2+ and increased bioenergetic and metabolic output. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal molecular determinants involved in the TCR induced functional reprogramming and identify signalling pathways and cellular functions regulated by MCU. Knockdown of MCUa (MCUaKD), diminishes mCa2+ uptake, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, as well as T-cell migration and cytokine secretion. Moreover, MCUaKD in rat CD4+ T-cells suppresses autoimmune responses in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) multiple sclerosis model. In summary, we demonstrate that mCa2+ uptake through MCU is essential for proper T-cell function and has a crucial role in autoimmunity. T-cell specific MCU inhibition is thus a potential tool for targeting autoimmune disorders.

SUBMITTER: Ms. Magdalena Shumanska

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-10_1038-S44319-024-00313-4 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses

Project description:T-cell receptor-induced Ca2+ signals are essential for proper T-cell activation and function. In this context, mitochondria play an important role and take up Ca2+ to support elevated bioenergetic demands. The protein machinery that regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake; the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, could be thus implicated in T-cell immunity. However, the exact role of MCU in T-cells is not understood. Here, we show that upon activation of naïve T-cells, the MCU complex undergoes a compositional rearrangement that causes elevated mCa2+ uptake and increased bioenergetic output. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal molecular determinants involved in mitochondrial functional reprograming and identify signaling pathways controlled by MCU. MCUa knockdown diminishes mCa2+ uptake, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production as well as T-cell invasion and cytokine secretion. In vivo, downregulation of MCUa in rat CD4+ T-cells suppresses autoimmune responses in a multiple sclerosis model of inflammatory experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In summary, Ca2+ uptake through MCU is essential for proper T-cell function and is involved in autoimmunity. T-cell specific MCU inhibition is a potential tool for treating autoimmune disorders.

2024-10-23 | GSE253049 | GEO

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses

Project description:Sustained and balanced Ca2+ increase upon T-cell receptor activation is crucial for regulation of essential T-cell functions including clonal expansion, differentiation and cytokine secretion. Thereby, mitochondria play an important role and take up Ca2+ to support elevated bioenergetic demands. The protein machinery that regulates Ca2+ flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane; the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, could be thus implicated in T-cell immunity. However, the exact role of mitochondrial Ca2+, and hence, MCU in T-cells is not fully understood. Here, we provide proteomic data of downregulation of MCUa in rat CD4+ T-cells along with control T-cells.

2024-10-23 | PXD048650 | Pride

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T‑cell‑mediated immune responses

Project description:Sustained and balanced calcium (Ca2+) increase upon T-cell receptor activation is a fundamental process that regulates essential T-cell functions including proliferation, clonal expansion and cytokine secretion. In this context, mitochondria play an important role and take up Ca2+ to support the elevated bioenergetic demands. Accordingly, alterations in the protein machinery that regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane; the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, could be implicated in T-cell immunity. However, the exact role of mCa2+, and thus MCU in T-cells is not fully understood. Here, we show that upon activation of primary human CD4+ T-cells, the MCU complex undergoes a time-dependent compositional rearrangement that causes elevated mCa2+ uptake and increased mitochondrial bioenergetic output. Transcriptome and proteome analyses of naive and effector CD4+ T-cells reveal molecular determinants involved in mitochondrial and T-cell functional reprograming. Moreover, they identify genes, proteins and signaling pathways controlled by mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis i.e. the MCU. MCUa knockdown (KD) diminishes mCa2+, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production as well as T-cell invasion and cytokine secretion. In vivo, downregulation of MCUa in rat CD4+ T-cells suppresses autoimmune responses in a multiple sclerosis model of inflammatory experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In summary, our findings imply that mCa2+ uptake through MCU is essential for proper T-cell function and is involved in autoimmunity. Specific MCU inhibitors targeting T-cells could be beneficial for autoimmune suppression and control of immune system dysregulation.

2024-10-24 | PXD048682 | Pride

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses

Project description:Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex controls T-cell-mediated immune responses

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Mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex modulation in cancerogenesis.

Project description:Aberrations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis have been associated with different pathological conditions, including neurological defects, cardiovascular diseases, and, in the last years, cancer. With the recent molecular identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, the channel that allows Ca2+ accumulation into the mitochondrial matrix, alterations in the expression levels or functioning in one or more MCU complex members have been linked to different cancers and cancer-related phenotypes. In this review, we will analyze the role of the uniporter and mitochondrial Ca2+ derangements in modulating cancer cell sensitivity to death, invasiveness, and migratory capacity, as well as cancer progression in vivo. We will also discuss some critical points and contradictory results to highlight the consequence of MCU complex modulation in tumor development.

| S-EPMC6592253 | biostudies-literature

Cyclophilin D counterbalances mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated brain mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Project description:Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining intraneuronal calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a determined major brain mitochondrial calcium entry pathway. Activated MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium overloading has been linked with brain mitochondrial pathology in disease conditions. Cyclophilin D (CypD)-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) favors mitochondrial calcium efflux. The physiological function of CypD-mediated mPT has received increasing recognition. However, the regulatory role of CypD-mediated mPT in brain mitochondrial calcium dynamics in response to mitochondrial calcium accumulation via MCU has not been comprehensively studied. Here, by adopting purified brain mitochondria, we have determined an effect of CypD and CypD-mediated mPT against mitochondrial calcium overloading. In addition, blockade of CypD pharmaceutically or genetically blunts brain mitochondrial MCU's sensitivity to its inhibitor. Therefore, our findings suggest that CypD-mediated mPT is a mitochondrial compensatory response to MCU-mediated excess mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Moreover, CypD may potentially modulate MCU function in calcium-stressed mitochondria.

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Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Promotes Kidney Aging through Inducing Mitochondrial Calcium-Mediated Renal Tubular Cell Senescence

Project description:Kidney is a vital organ responsible for homeostasis in the body. To retard kidney aging is of great importance for maintaining body health. Whereas the therapeutic strategies targeting against kidney aging are not elucidated. Recent studies show mitochondrial dysfunction is critical for renal tubular cell senescence and kidney aging, however, the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney aging have not been demonstrated. Herein, we found calcium overload, and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was induced in renal tubular cells and aged kidney. To activate MCU not only triggered mitochondrial calcium overload, but also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular senescence and age-related kidney fibrosis. Inversely, to block MCU or chelate calcium diminished ROS generation, restored mitochondrial homeostasis, and retarded cell senescence and protected against kidney aging. These results demonstrate MCU plays a key role in promote renal tubular cell senescence, which provides a new insight on the therapeutic strategy for fighting against kidney aging.

2024-10-02 | GSE262514 | GEO

The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter controls skeletal muscle mass in vivo

Project description:Muscle atrophy contributes to the poor prognosis of many physiopathological conditions, but pharmacological therapies are still limited. Muscle activity leads to major swings in mitochondrial [Ca2+] which control aerobic metabolism, cell death and survival pathways. We have investigated in vivo the effects of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle function and trophism, by overexpressing or silencing the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU). The results coherently demonstrate that both in developing and in adult muscles MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake has a marked trophic effect that does not depend on autophagy or aerobic control, but impinges on two major hypertrophic pathways of skeletal muscle, PGC-1M-NM-14 and Igf1-Akt/PKB. In adult mice, MCU overexpression protects from denervation-induced atrophy. These data reveal a novel Ca2+-dependent organelle-to-nucleus signaling route, which links mitochondrial function to the control of muscle mass and may represent a possible pharmacological target in sarcopenia. Experiments were performed on biological replicates of single skeletal muscle fibres. Seven fibres were chosen for their Mutochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) overexpression and other seven fibres because MCU was silenced. Overexpression and silencing were performed injecting skeletal muscle with AAV containing MCU gene or short interfering oligos specific for MCU. As control was profiled eigth fibres transfected with AAV and eigth wild type fibres. Analyses were performed 7 days and 14 days after the AAV injection (3 fibers after 7 days and 4 fibers after 14 days for MCU overexpression and silencing, four fibres after 7 days and four after 14 days for control).

2015-03-05 | E-GEOD-60931 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proteolytic control of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex.

Project description:The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a Ca2+-activated Ca2+ channel complex mediating mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, a process crucial for Ca2+ signaling, bioenergetics, and cell death. The uniporter is composed of the pore-forming MCU protein, the gatekeeping MICU1 and MICU2 subunits, and EMRE, a single-pass membrane protein that links MCU and MICU1 together. As a bridging subunit required for channel function, EMRE could paradoxically inhibit uniporter complex formation if expressed in excess. Here, we show that mitochondrial mAAA proteases AFG3L2 and SPG7 rapidly degrade unassembled EMRE using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Once EMRE is incorporated into the complex, its turnover is inhibited >15-fold. Protease-resistant EMRE mutants produce uniporter subcomplexes that induce constitutive Ca2+ leakage into mitochondria, a condition linked to debilitating neuromuscular disorders in humans. The results highlight the dynamic nature of uniporter subunit assembly, which must be tightly regulated to ensure proper mitochondrial responses to intracellular Ca2+ signals.

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Progress in understanding mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex-mediated calcium signalling: A potential target for cancer treatment.

Project description:Due to its Ca2+ buffering capacity, the mitochondrion is one of the most important intracellular organelles in regulating Ca2+ dynamic oscillation. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the primary mediator of Ca2+ influx into mitochondria, manipulating cell energy metabolism, ROS production, and programmed cell death, all of which are critical for carcinogenesis. The understanding of the uniporter complex was significantly boosted by recent groundbreaking discoveries that identified the uniporter pore-forming subunit MCU and its regulatory molecules, including MCU-dominant negative ? subunit (MCUb), essential MCU regulator (EMRE), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), mitochondrial calcium uptake (MICU) 1, MICU2, and MICU3. These provide the means and molecular platform to investigate MCU complex (uniplex)-mediated impaired Ca2+ signalling in physiology and pathology. This review aims to summarize the progress of the understanding regulatory mechanisms of uniplex, roles of uniplex-mediated Ca2+ signalling in cancer, and potential pharmacological inhibitors of MCU.

| S-EPMC6468257 | biostudies-literature

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