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A pathogenic role for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in celiac disease

ABSTRACT: Intestinal handling of dietary proteins usually prevents local inflammatory and immune responses and promotes oral tolerance. However, in ∼1% of the world population, gluten proteins from wheat and related cereals trigger an HLA DQ2/8-restricted TH1 immune and antibody response leading to celiac disease. Prior epithelial stress and innate immune activation are essential for breaking oral tolerance to the gluten component gliadin. How gliadin subverts host intestinal mucosal defenses remains elusive. Here we show that the -gliadin-derived LGQQQPFPPQQPY peptide (P31-43) inhibits the function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel pivotal for epithelial adaptation to cell-autonomous or environmental stress. P31-43 binds to, and reduces ATPase activity of, the nucleotide-binding-domain-1 (NBD1) of CFTR, thus impairing CFTR function. This generates epithelial stress, tissue transglutaminase and inflammasome activation, NF-B nuclear translocation and IL-15 production, that all can be prevented by potentiators of CFTR channel gating. The CFTR potentiator VX-770 attenuates gliadin-induced inflammation and promotes a tolerogenic response in gluten-sensitive mice and cells from celiac patients. Our results unveil a primordial role for CFTR as a central hub orchestrating gliadin activities and identify a novel therapeutic option for celiac disease.

SUBMITTER: Prof. Luigi Maiuri

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-EMBOJ-2018-100101 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Background: Most cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that lead to protein misfolding and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previous studies demonstrated that PIAS4 facilitates the modification of wild-type (WT) and F508del CFTR by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1, enhancing CFTR biogenesis by slowing immature CFTR degradation and producing increased immature CFTR band B. Methods: We evaluated two correction strategies using misfolding mutants, including the common variant, F508del. We examined the effects on mutant expression of co-expression with PIAS4 (E3 SUMO ligase), and/or the corrector, C18. To study the impact of these correction conditions, we transfected CFBE410- cells, a bronchial epithelial cell line, with a CFTR mutant plus: (1) empty vector, (2) empty vector plus overnight 5 μM C18, (3) PIAS4, and (4) PIAS4 plus C18. We assessed expression at steady state by immunoblot of CFTR band B, and if present, band C, and the corresponding C:B band ratio. The large PIAS4-induced increase in band B expression allowed us to ask whether C18 could act on the now abundant immature protein to enhance correction above the control level, as reported by the C:B ratio. Results: The data fell into three mutant CFTR categories as follows: (1) intransigent: no observable band C under any condition (i.e., C:B = 0); (2) throughput responsive: a C:B ratio less than control, but suggesting that the increased band C resulted from PIAS4-induced increases in band B production; and (3) folding responsive: a C:B ratio greater than control, reflecting C18-induced folding greater than that expected from increased throughput due to the PIAS4-induced band B level. Conclusion: These results suggest that the immature forms of CFTR folding intermediates occupy different loci within the energetic/kinetic folding landscape of CFTR. The evaluation of their properties could assist in the development of correctors that can target the more difficult-to-fold mutant conformations that occupy different sites within the CFTR folding pathway.

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A pathogenic role for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in celiac disease

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