OPPERA prospective cohort study of first-onset TMJD
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SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA270788
REPOSITORIES: dbGaP
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Project description:Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) overlaps with other health conditions, but no study has examined which of these conditions increase the risk of developing first-onset TMD. The authors prospectively evaluated the relationship between health status at enrollment and subsequent incidence of TMD in 2,722 men and women. Participants aged 18 to 44 years had no history of TMD and were clinically free of TMD when enrolled in 2006 to 2008 at 4 U.S. study sites in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) prospective cohort study. First-onset examiner-classified TMD developed in 260 people over a median 2.8 years of follow-up. Cox regression estimated the association between health conditions and TMD incidence while accounting for potential confounders. Incidence of first-onset TMD was 50% higher for people with low back pain (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.50, 95% confidence limits [CLs]: 1.08, 2.10) and 75% higher for people with genital pain symptoms (AHR = 1.75, 95% CLs = 1.04, 2.93) than people without a history of these pain disorders. Digit ratio, a marker of intrauterine exposure to sex hormones, was significantly associated with TMD incidence. Other independent predictors of first-onset TMD were sleep disturbance and cigarette smoking. These findings reveal multiple influences of health status on incidence of first-onset TMD.This article examines health conditions that commonly overlap with TMD to determine which ones predict first-onset TMD. A history of low back pain and genital pain conditions at baseline were important predictors. Novel findings were that disrupted sleep and conditions in utero may increase incidence of first-onset TMD.
| S-EPMC3855662 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) was predicted with multivariable models that used putative risk factors collected from initially TMD-free individuals in the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study. The 202 baseline risk factors included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, measures of general health status, experimental pain sensitivity, autonomic function, and psychological distress. Study participants (n = 2,737) were then followed prospectively for a median of 2.8 years to ascertain cases of first-onset TMD. Lasso regression and random forest models were used to predict incidence of first-onset TMD using all of the aforementioned measures. Variable importance scores identified the most important risk factors, and their relationship with TMD incidence was illustrated graphically using partial dependence plots. Two of the most important risk factors for elevated TMD incidence were greater numbers of comorbid pain conditions and greater extent of nonspecific orofacial symptoms. Other important baseline risk factors were preexisting bodily pain, heightened somatic awareness, and greater extent of pain in response to examiners' palpation of the head, neck, and body. Several demographic variables persisted as risk factors even after adjusting for other OPPERA variables, suggesting that environmental variables not measured in OPPERA may also contribute to first-onset TMD.Multivariable methods were used to identify the most important predictors of first-onset TMD in the OPPERA study. Important variables included comorbid pain conditions, preexisting pain, and somatic awareness. Demographic characteristics, which probably reflect environmental variables not measured in OPPERA, also appear to play an important role in the etiology of TMD.
| S-EPMC4036699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo describe the duration, progression and patterns of first stage of labor among Swedish women.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.PopulationData from Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Cohort 2008-2014 including ¼ of all births in Sweden, the final sample involved a total of 85,408 women with term, singleton, vertex, live fetuses experiencing spontaneous labor onset and vaginal delivery with normal neonatal outcomes.Main outcome measuresTime to progress during first stage of labor using three approaches: 1) Traverse time in hours to progress centimeter to centimeter, 5th, 50th (and 95th percentile); 2) Dilation curves for different percentiles, and; 3) Cumulative duration for the 95th percentile by parity and dilation at admission.ResultsVariation in both the total duration and the trajectory of cervical change over time is large. Similar to the general held view, the rate of cervical dilation accelerates at 5-6 centimeters. Among nulliparous women, the median time found in our population was faster than their counterparts in studies conducted on American and African cohorts. Among nulliparous and multiparous women our data suggest that the median cervical change over time is faster than 1 cm per hour during the first stage of labor. However, traverse time of cervical change at and beyond the 95th percentile is longer than 1 cm per hour.ConclusionsLabor progression varies widely and labors experiencing a prolonged first stage can still result in normal outcomes. The assumption of 1 cm per hour cervical dilation rate for the first stage of labor may not be universally meaningful. There are differences in progression for women during first stage of labor in different populations. For prolonged labor progression to be more clinically meaningful, the association with adverse birth outcomes needs to be further investigated in specific populations.
| S-EPMC7518577 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Papers in this issue investigate when and how putative risk factors influence development of first-onset, painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The results represent first findings from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) prospective cohort study that monitored 2,737 men and women aged 18 to 44 years recruited at 4 U.S. study sites. During a median 2.8-year follow-up period, 260 participants developed TMD. The average incidence rate of 4% per annum was influenced by a broad range of phenotypic risk factors including sociodemographic characteristics, health status, clinical orofacial factors, psychological functioning, pain sensitivity, and cardiac autonomic responses. A novel method of multivariable analysis used random forest models to simultaneously evaluate contributions of all 202 phenotypic variables. Variables from the health status domain made the greatest contribution to TMD incidence, followed closely by psychological and clinical orofacial domains. However, only a few measures of pain sensitivity and autonomic function contributed to TMD incidence, and their effects were modest. Meanwhile, age and study site were independent predictors of TMD incidence, even after controlling for other phenotypes. Separate analysis of 358 genes that regulate pain found several novel genetic associations with intermediate phenotypes that, themselves, are risk factors for TMD, suggesting new avenues to investigate biological pathways contributing to TMD.Collectively, the papers in this issue demonstrate that TMD is a complex disorder with multiple causes consistent with a biopsychosocial model of illness. It is a misnomer and no longer appropriate to regard TMD solely as a localized orofacial pain condition.
| S-EPMC3857103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To examine the 1-year first incidence and prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), the outcomes on psychopathology and functioning by age of onset and the risk factors of onset of ODD from ages 3 to 9 in children from the Spanish general population. DESIGN:Longitudinal with seven follow-ups and double cohort (ODD and non-ODD children). SETTING:General population of preschool and elementary school children in Barcelona (Spain). PARTICIPANTS:On a first phase, the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire conduct problems scale plus ODD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth version, symptoms were used to screen for behavioural problems. The second phase sample size contained 622 cases at age 3 and, at age 9, 418 remained in the study. RESULTS:The probability of the onset of ODD showed increasing values at ages 4 (R=2.7%) and 5 years (R=4.4%). These values decreased until age 7 (R=1.9%) and increased again until age 9 (R=3.6%). Up to 9 years old, the cumulative risk of new cases of ODD was 21.9%. Early onset was associated with a higher risk of depression comorbidity and later onset with higher functional impairment and symptomatology. Subthreshold ODD, high scores in irritability and headstrong dimensions, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidity, negative affectivity until age 7, difficulties in inhibit and emotional control, punitive parenting and maternal internalising problems were risk factors of a first episode of ODD during this 7-year period. CONCLUSIONS:The risk of new cases of ODD in the general population at preschool age and during childhood is high. Preschool age is a target period for preventive interventions. Identified risk factors are objectives for targeted and indicated interventions.
| S-EPMC6475188 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesChildhood adversities may be important determinants of later illnesses and poor health behaviour. However, large-scale prospective studies on the associations between childhood adversities and the onset of asthma in adulthood are lacking.DesignProspective cohort study with 7-year follow-up.SettingNationally representative study. Data were collected from the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) survey and national registers.ParticipantsThe participants represent the Finnish population from the following age groups: 20-24, 30-34, 40-44, and 50-54 years at baseline in 1998 (24 057 survey participants formed the final cohort of this study). The occurrence of childhood adversities was assessed at baseline with a six-item survey scale. The analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural health risks and common mental disorders.Primary and secondary outcomesThe survey data were linked to data from national health registers on incident asthma during a 7-year follow-up to define new-onset asthma cases with verified diagnoses.ResultsA total of 12 126 (59%) participants reported that they encountered a childhood adversity. Of them 3677 (18% of all) endured three to six adversities. During a follow-up of 7 years, 593 (2.9%) participants were diagnosed with incident asthma. Those who reported three or more childhood adversities had a 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.31 to 2.01) greater risk of asthma compared to those without childhood adversities. This hazard attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67).ConclusionsAdults who report having encountered adversities in childhood may have an increased risk of developing asthma.
| S-EPMC3488721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is unclear whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) severity at diagnosis affects the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We analysed associations between DKA severity at diagnosis and glycaemic control during the first year post-diagnosis. We followed 341 children with T1D, <19 years (64% non-white) attending paediatric diabetes clinics in East London. Data were extracted from routine medical registers. Subjects were categorized with normal, mild, moderate, or severe DKA. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to assess differences in longitudinal HbA1c trajectories (glycaemic control) during 12 months post-diagnosis (1288 HbA1c data-points) based on DKA, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, SES (Socioeconomic Status) and treatment type. Females (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4) and younger age, 0-6 vs. 13-18 years (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6) had increased risk for DKA at diagnosis. Moderate or severe DKA was associated with higher HbA1c at diagnosis (adjusted estimates 8 mmol/mol, 2-14, and 10 mmol/mol, 4-15, respectively, compared to normal DKA). Differences in HbA1c trajectories by DKA were no longer apparent at six months post-diagnosis. All subjects experienced a steep decrease in HbA1c during the first three months followed by a gradual increase. While, DKA severity was not associated with glycaemic control at 12 months post-diagnosis, age at diagnosis, ethnicity, gender, and treatment type were significantly associated. For example, Black and mixed ethnicity children had increased risk for poor glycaemic control compared to White children (adjusted RRR 5.4, 95% CI 1.7-17.3 and RRR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-6.0, respectively). DKA severity at diagnosis is associated with higher initial HbA1c but not glycaemic control from six months post-diagnosis. Age at diagnosis, ethnicity, gender, and insulin pump are associated with glycaemic control at one year post-diagnosis.
| S-EPMC5800126 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHyperglycemia is related to stroke. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can reflect pre-stroke glycaemia status. However, the information on the direct association between HbA1c and recurrence after non-cardioembolic acute ischemic strokes is rare and there is no consistent conclusion.MethodsThe ACROSS-China database comprised of 2186 consecutive first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients with baseline HbA1c values. After excluding patients who died from non-stroke recurrence and patients lost to follow up, 1817 and 1540 were eligible for 3-month and 1-year analyses, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate the associations between HbA1c and 3-month and 1-year stroke recurrence.ResultsThe HbA1c values at admission were divided into 4 levels by quartiles: Q1 (<5.5%); Q2 (5.5 to <6.1%); Q3 (6.1% to <7.2%); and Q4 (≥ 7.2%). The cumulative recurrence rates were 8.3% and 11.0% for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. In multivariate analyses, when compared with Q1, the adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) were 2.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-6.26) in Q3 and 3.71(95% CI 1.68-8.21) in Q4 for 3-month stroke recurrence; 3.30 (95% CI 1.31-8.34) in Q3 and 3.35 (95% CI 1.36-8.21) in Q4 for 1-year stroke recurrence. Adding fasting plasma glucose in the multivariate analyses did not modify the association: AHRs were 2.75 (95% CI 1.24-6.11) in Q3 and 3.67 (95% CI 1.59-8.53) in Q4 for 3-month analysis; AHRs were 3.08 (95% CI 1.10-8.64) in Q3 and 3.31(95% CI 1.35-8.14) in Q4 for 1-year analysis.ConclusionsA higher "normal" HbA1c level reflecting pre-stroke glycaemia status independently predicts stroke recurrence within one year after non-cardioembolic acute ischemic stroke onset. HbA1c is recommended as a routine test in acute ischemic stroke patients.
| S-EPMC3827473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Middle East is underrepresented in psychosis research. The ARAS recent onset acute phase psychosis survey (ARAS) is a longitudinal cohort across multiple centers in Iran, established to investigate characteristics, determinants and early course of psychosis in a non-Western, Middle East context. Here, baseline characteristics of the ARAS cohort are reported. The ARAS cohort enrolled patients with recent onset psychosis from September 2018 to September 2021 in East Azerbaijan, Kermanshah and Tehran, including Iranian patients from different sociocultural contexts. The baseline assessment included demographics, socioeconomic status, clinical (positive, negative, depressive symptoms) and psychosocial (religiosity, social support, self-stigma) characteristics, cognitive functioning, metabolic profile, substance use and medication use measured by validated questionnaires. These assessments will be followed up after one and five years. A total of 500 patients with a first episode of psychosis were enrolled from three provinces in Iran. With 74.1% being male, the mean age (SD) of patients was 32.3 (9.7) years. Nearly a quarter of patients was diagnosed with schizophrenia and 36.8% with substance induced psychotic disorder. Amphetamine (24%) and opium (12%) use were common, cannabis use was not (5%). Only 6.1% of patients lived alone while 29% of patients was married and had children. The majority of them had achieved secondary educational level and 34% had a paid job. The most common antipsychotic treatment was risperidone. There was a wide range for scores of PANSS, with 9.4% having dominant negative symptoms. The most common prescribed medication was risperidone. Near to 40% of patients had noticeable signs of depression and prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.4%. The majority of patients (57.2%) had moderate and 5.4% reported to have severe disability. More than 30% reported to be highly religious. Patients had the highest satisfaction with people living with, and the lowest for finance and job.
| S-EPMC9675807 | biostudies-literature