Mutational signatures in head and neck cancer (H019)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: EGAS00001004588 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
Similar Datasets
Project description:Whole genome sequencing of 10 HCLc tumor and matched-germline T cells. Genomic DNA from highly purified HCLc tumor and T cell populations were utilized for library preparation using NEBNext Ultra DNA library prep kit. Sequencing was performed as 150 bp paired end sequencing using four lanes of an Illumina HiSeq4000 to an average depth of 12X. Reads from each library were aligned to the human reference genome GRCh37 using BWA-MEM (v0.7.12). The analysis of somatic genetic alterations in WGS data from tumor-germline pair HCLc samples was divided based on the nature of the mutation, as follow: single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, CNAs and SVs. Moreover, COSMIC mutational signatures and subclonal architecture was inferred for each tumor.
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Project description:This study addressed the assumption that in addition to somatic mutations epigenetic silencing of cancer-related genes by promoter hyper-methylation is a common event in head and neck cancer. A multi-scale omics approach based on whole-exome sequencing, global DNA methylation and gene expression profiling data derived from tumor samples of the HIPO-HNC cohort was conducted and new findings were confirmed with data from TCGA-HNC. Results provide experimental evidence that the ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) exhibits variable promoter methylation and expression in both tumor samples and HNSCC cell lines. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections unraveled a gradual loss of RYR2 expression from normal mucosa via dysplastic lesions to cancer, and indicated that reduced RYR2 expression in adjacent tissue and precancer lesions might serve as a risk factor for unfavorable prognosis and upcoming malignant conversion.
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Project description:High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most genomically complex cancer, characterised by ubiquitous TP53 mutation, profound structural variation and heterogeneity. Multiple mutational processes driving chromosomal instability can be distinguished by specific copy number signatures. To develop clinically relevant models of these mutational processes we derived 15 continuous HGSOC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and provide detailed transcriptomic and genomic profiles using shallow whole genome sequencing single cell and bulk analysis. We show that PDOs comprise communities of different clonal populations and represent models of CCNE1 amplification, chromothripsis, tandem-duplicator phenotype and whole genome duplication. PDOs can also be used as exploratory tools to study transcriptional effects of copy number alterations as well as compound-sensitivity tests. In summary, HGSOC PDO cultures provide a genomic tool for studies of specific mutational processes and precision therapeutics.
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Project description:<p>While the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen drastically in Western countries over the last 40 years, a similar trend has not been observed for EAC in China. Here we analyzed mutational spectrum, copy number alterations, and structural variants from whole-genome sequencing of ten Chinese EAC tumor samples and their matched normals, and compared them to EAC tumor specimens from Western countries previously reported. The mutational burden in Chinese EAC was significantly lower than that found in EAC from Western countries. The hallmark A>C mutational signature observed at high frequency in EAC from Western countries, which linked to acid reflux, is completely absent in Chinese samples. Furthermore, none of Chinese samples showed evidence of chromothripsis and genome doubling that often found in EAC from Western countries. In summary, Chinese EAC tumor samples revealed distinct genomic profiles and signatures, suggesting that Chinese EAC may arise from a different etiological pathway.</p>
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Project description:Large-scale studies identified mutational signatures across many cancer types. These signatures are associated with certain processes, such as aging, exposure to carcinogens and DNA Damage Repair deficiency (DDRd). To investigate the processes contributing to the formation of gliomas, we analyzed the mutational signatures in adult hemispheric diffuse gliomas (HDG).
25 HDG and paired blood samples were whole exome sequenced. In each case, somatic mutational signatures were identified. Associations of signatures with parameters including age at diagnosis, molecular subset, mutational load, and somatic and germline alterations were investigated.
Our findings may suggest that DDRd is a major contributor to gliomagenesis in adult HDG.
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Project description:During the course of a lifetime normal human cells accumulate mutations. Here, using multiple samples from the same individuals we compared the mutational landscape in 29 anatomical structures from soma and the germline. Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. SBS18, potentially reflecting oxidative damage, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. The mutation rate was lowest in spermatogonia, the stem cell from which sperm are generated and from which most genetic variation in the human population is thought to originate. This was due to low rates of ubiquitous mutation processes and may be partially attributable to a low cell division rate of basal spermatogonia. The results provide important insights into how mutational processes affect the soma and germline.
| EGAD00001006643 | EGA
Project description:During the course of a lifetime normal human cells accumulate mutations. Here, using multiple samples from the same individuals we compared the mutational landscape in 29 anatomical structures from soma and the germline. Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. SBS18, potentially reflecting oxidative damage, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. The mutation rate was lowest in spermatogonia, the stem cell from which sperm are generated and from which most genetic variation in the human population is thought to originate. This was due to low rates of ubiquitous mutation processes and may be partially attributable to a low cell division rate of basal spermatogonia. The results provide important insights into how mutational processes affect the soma and germline.
| EGAD00001006642 | EGA
Project description:During the course of a lifetime normal human cells accumulate mutations. Here, using multiple samples from the same individuals we compared the mutational landscape in 29 anatomical structures from soma and the germline. Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. SBS18, potentially reflecting oxidative damage, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. The mutation rate was lowest in spermatogonia, the stem cell from which sperm are generated and from which most genetic variation in the human population is thought to originate. This was due to low rates of ubiquitous mutation processes and may be partially attributable to a low cell division rate of basal spermatogonia. The results provide important insights into how mutational processes affect the soma and germline.
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