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Evolution of biting induced Wyeomyia gene expression

ABSTRACT: This study measured the differential expression of genes from two populations of Wyeomyia smithii in the USA that differ in their propensity to bite over a geographic gradient. Population KC is a northern non-biting population from Maine; population WI is a southern low-frequency biting population from Florida. The mosquitoes were maintained at the University of Oregon under standard rearing conditions and run through two generations to minimize maternal and field effects. Selection for biting was conducted using ~14,000 individuals from the WI population. The environment and protocols used for selection were the same as for KC except biters were removed from their cage and placed into a separate “biting” cage with supplemental males from the same generation of the selected line. All hatch from the biting cage were used to generate the subsequent generations. This protocol was followed until the selected line had undergone 5 generation of selection. Through all generations of selection, including those that were not offered a host, hatch were placed on short days (LL:D=10:14) at 21°C to synchronize each generation and to miigate inadvertant direct selection on development time, generation time, or the timing of reproductive allocation. After adults of a given generation had died, their offspring were transferred to long days and reared to adulthood, as above. During experiments, all animals were in good physical condition. Animal heads were dissected then transferred into 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes and shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Samples were short-term stored at -80°C. For all experimental conditions, four independent replicates (50 heads each) were analyzed. This GEO record is for three comparisons among the three populations: (EXP1) non-biters in the base population (WI) versus biting individuals in the WI line selected for biting (WIOB) over 5 generations of selection (WI vs WIOB); (EXP2) WIOB versus northern obligate non-biters (KC); (3) WI versus KC (n=4 per treatment group for each population).

ORGANISM(S): Wyeomyia smithii

PROVIDER: GSE100766 | GEO | 2017/12/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA392936

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The Lundehund is an old dog breed with remarkable anatomical features including polydactyly in all four limbs and extraordinary flexibility of the spine. We genotyped 28 Lundehund using the canine Illumina high density beadchip to estimate the effective population size (Ne) and inbreeding coefficients as well as to identify potential regions of positive selection. The decay of linkage disequilibrium was slow with r2=0.95 in 50 kb distance. The last 7-200 generations ago, Ne was at 10-13. An increase of Ne was noted in the very recent generations with a peak value of 19 for Ne at generation 4. The FROH estimated for 50-, 65- and 358-SNP windows were 0.87, 087 and 0.81, respectively. The most likely estimates for FROH after removing identical-by-state segments due to linkage disequilibria were at 0.80-0.81. The extreme loss of heterozygosity has been accumulated through continued inbreeding over 200 generations within a probably closed population with a small effective population size. The mean inbreeding coefficient based on pedigree data for the last 11 generations (FPed=0.10) was strongly biased downwards due to the unknown coancestry of the founders in this pedigree data. The long-range haplotype test identified regions with genes involved in processes of immunity, olfaction, woundhealing and neuronal development as potential targets of selection. The genes QSOX2, BMPR1B and PRRX2 as well as MYOM1 are candidates for selection on the Lundehund characteristics small body size, increased number of digits per paw and extraordinary mobility, respectively. The objectives of the present study were to genotype 28 Lundehund using the canine Illumina high density beadchip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) to estimate the effective population size (Ne) from data on linkage disequilibria (LD). We identified runs of homozygosity (ROH) as regions with a local loss of genetic variation. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated on the basis of pedigree data (FPed) and genotype information (FROH, FIS) to compare the results of these different methods for this population. We applied the long-range haplotype test to search for potential selective sweeps.

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Evolution of biting induced Wyeomyia gene expression

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