RNA-sequencing of neonatal monocyte responses to E. coli and S. epidermidis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE101880 | GEO | 2018/03/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:RNA-sequencing of neonatal monocyte responses to E. coli and S. epidermidis
| PRJNA395845 | ENA
Project description:We used a mouse model to investigate whether live (BCG) and non-live (DTPw) vaccines differentially reprogram trained immune responses and to investigate whether immunisation with DTPw altered susceptibility to sepsis. We found that compared to BCG-immunised mice, DTPw immunisation led to altered monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) cytokine responses to subsequent secondary stimuli, as well as genome-wide changes to chromatin accessibility in DCs. These effects were evident months after immunisation and are consistent with different programs of trained immunity being induced by live versus non-live vaccines.
2021-07-20 | GSE162872 | GEO
Project description:Chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) was then performed to establish the H3K4me3 landscape in neonatal and adult CD14+ monocytes. As development progressed from neonate to adult, monocytes gained the activating mark H3K4me3. The decreased H3K4me3 abundance at immunologically important neonatal monocyte gene promoters correlated with reduced gene expression, providing evidence that neonatal immune cells exist in an epigenetic state that is distinctly different from adults, and that this state contributes to neonatal specific immune responses.
2016-05-27 | GSE81957 | GEO
Project description:CD14+ monocytes, the predominant population in human blood, are primarily engaged in host defense and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. Aberrant monocyte activity causes life-threatening cytokine storms, while dysfunctional monocytes lead to 'immunoparalysis.' Understanding the mechanisms controlling monocyte functions is therefore paramount. Here, we reveal platelets' vital role in human monocytes' pro-inflammatory responses. Natural low platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) , platelet depletion in healthy human monocytes, or in vivo platelet depletion in mice, result in monocyte immunoparalysis, characterized by reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and weakened cytokine responses to immune challenge. Remarkably, supplementation with fresh platelets reverses monocyte immunoparalysis. In mice, thrombocytopenia results in down-regulation of myeloid innate immune genes, and compromised host defense transcriptional programs in monocytes despite normal responses to LPS. Platelets control monocyte cytokines independently of traditional cross-talk pathways, acting as reservoirs of transcription factors like NF?B and MAPK p38. We pinpointed a vesicle-derived NF?B2 transfer to human monocytes by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Functionally, platelets proportionally restored impaired cytokine secretion in human monocytes lacking MAPK p38a and NF?B p65 and NF?B2. We unveil the intercellular transfer of inflammatory regulators, positioning platelets as central checkpoints in monocyte-mediated inflammation.
2024-08-14 | PXD052113 | Pride
Project description:Preterm birth is currently the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic, immunological and infectious causes are suspected. Preterm infants have a higher risk of severe bacterial neonatal infections, most of which are caused by Escherichia coli an in particular E. coli K1strains. Women with history of preterm delivery have a high risk of recurrence and therefore constitute a target population for the development of vaccine against E. coli neonatal infections. Here, we characterized the immunological, microbiological and protective properties of a live attenuated vaccine candidate in adult female mice and their pups against after a challenge by K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Our results show that the E. coli K1 E11 aroA vaccine induces strong immunity, driven by polyclonal bactericidal antibodies. In our model of meningitis, pups born to mothers immunized before mating were well protected against various K1 and non-K1 strains of E. coli. Given the very high mortality rate and the neurological sequalae associated with neonatal E. coli K1 meningitis, our results constitute preclinical proof of concept for the development of a live attenuated vaccine against severe E. coli infections in women at risk of preterm delivery.
2024-01-02 | GSE252194 | GEO
Project description:Bacterial sepsis is a major killer in hospitalized patients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) with the leading species Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most frequent causes of nosocomial sepsis, with most infectious isolates being methicillin resistant. However, which bacterial factors underlie the pathogenesis of CNS sepsis is unknown. While it has been commonly believed that invariant structures on the surface of CNS trigger sepsis by causing an over-reaction of the immune system, we show here that sepsis caused my methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis is to a large extent mediated by the methicillin resistance island-encoded peptide toxin, PSM-mec. PSM-mec contributed to bacterial survival in whole human blood and resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing, and caused significantly increased mortality and cytokine expression in a mouse sepsis model. Furthermore, we show that the PSM-mec peptide itself, rather than the regulatory RNA in which its gene is embedded, is responsible for the observed virulence phenotype. While toxins have never been clearly indicated in CNS infections, our study shows that an important type of infection caused by the predominant CNS species, S. epidermidis, is mediated to a large extent by a toxin. Of note, these findings suggest that CNS infections may be amenable to virulence-targeted drug development approaches. We used microarrays to detail the global gene expression between S. epidermidis strain Rp62A and S. epidermidis strain Rp62A isogenic Δpsm-mec deletion mutants
2017-01-06 | GSE85265 | GEO
Project description:Blood monocytes serve as the first line of host defense and are equipped to recognize and respond to infection by triggering an immune-inflammatory response. While most information on these cells comes from in vitro studies in humans or in vivo studies in mice, little is known about monocytes under human disease conditions. We investigated the role of monocytes during sepsis and its resolution in humans. A transcriptomal and functional analysis of blood monocytes from patients during gram negative sepsis and at recovery was performed. Monocytes from sepsis patients showed upregulation of a large number of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines/chemokines, consistent with an ongoing systemic inflammation. However, these cells showed impairment to ex vivo endotoxin (LPS) challenge, displaying a quantitative decrease in the number of LPS-inducible genes. Moreover, they downregulated the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine genes, activation marker genes and transcription factors associated with monocyte/macrophage activation, upon ex vivo LPS stimulation. Functionally, they downregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and antigen presentation-related molecules and functions. In contrast, genes and functions related to phagocytosis, anti-microbial activity and tissue remodeling where remained unaffected or even enhanced . Collectively, our observations suggest a genetic and functional re-programming of these cells during human sepsis progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms which regulate this re-programming will allow to devise strategies which could modulate the response of these cells and hence, disease progression. Blood monocytes from gram-negative sepsis patients during sepsis (Sepsis) and following their recovery (Recovery/Basal) as well as healthy donor (control) were isolated. Thereafter, these cells were treated ex vivo with or without LPS for 3h and analysed for transcriptomic study.
2014-05-14 | E-GEOD-46955 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Neonates primarily rely on innate immunity, yet their inflammatory
responses to microbes, particularly those of monocytes, are usually restricted
compared to adults. This is controversially interpreted as immaturity increasing
the risk of sepsis or essential programming allowing immune adaptation after
birth. Which changes the cellular immunometabolism undergoes after birth and its role in these concepts are poorly defined.
Here, we applied transcriptomic, metabolic, and immunological
approaches and found that monocytes exhibit an
inverse ontogenetic balance of immunometabolism. Our data show that glycolysis in
monocytes increases within the first year of life and fuels their inflammatory
responsiveness. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is high in
neonatal monocytes supporting myeloid differentiation but declines only gradually
during the first five years of life. Treatment of neonatal monocytes with
lipopolysaccharide induces an adult-like immunometabolic phenotype. Ketogenic
diet restricts glycolysis in adult monocytes, but cannot reactivate OXPHOS and
revive a neonatal-like immunometabolic phenotype, suggesting that neonatal
metabolism is hardwired and cannot be restored by simple dietary changes. Transcriptional
network and population-wide human variation analyses identified E2F1, MYB, STAT1 and FLI1 as important regulators of age-dependent cell functions and related energy demands in human monocytes.
Collectively, our findings show that restricted glycolysis and increased OXPHOS are a physiological programming in neonatal monocytes. Premature switching to an adult-like metabolism could untimely enhance inflammatory responses and disrupt important myeloid differentiation, whereas microbial challenges accumulating during childhood seem to induce an essential gradual metabolic switch.
| EGAS00001007555 | EGA
Project description:Background: Neonatal infection and sepsis are common for preterm infants due to their immature immune system. Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment but few early markers of systemic and neuro-inflammatory responses in neonates are known. We hypothesized that systemic infection with Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) induces acute changes to proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), potentially affecting the immature brain of preterm neonates. Methods: Using preterm pigs as model for preterm infants, plasma and CSF samples were collected up to 24 h after SE infection and investigated by untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Selected differential proteins were further studied in vitro assays. Results: The clinical signs of sepsis and neuroinflammation in SE-infected piglets were associated with changes in multiple CSF and plasma proteins. Eight plasma proteins, including APOA4, haptoglobin, MBL1, vWF, LBP and sCD14, were affected already 6 h after infection. Likewise, acute phase reactants, including complement components, showed a time-dependent activation pattern after infection. Feeding bovine colostrum reduced the sepsis-related change in clinical parameters as well as plasma proteins. Neuroinflammation-related neuropeptide Y (NPY), IL-18 and MMP-14 showed distinct changes in the CSF and several brain regions (prefrontal cortex, PVWM, hippocampus) 24 h after infection. These changes were verified in TLR2 agonist-challenged primary microglia cells, where exogenous NPY suppressed the inflammatory response. Conclusion: Systemic infection with Gram-positive SE induces inflammation with rapid proteome changes in plasma and CSF in preterm newborn pigs. The observed early markers of sepsis and neuroinflammation in preterm pigs may serve as novel biomarkers for sepsis in preterm infants.
2020-05-26 | PXD016013 | Pride
Project description:Innate immune memory is the process by which pathogen exposure elicits cell-intrinsic states to alter the strength of future immune challenges. Such altered memory states drive monocyte dysregulation during sepsis, promoting pathogenic behavior characterized by pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive gene expression and emergency hematopoiesis. Epigenetic changes, notably via histone modifications, have been shown to underlie innate immune memory, but the contribution of DNA methylation remains poorly understood. Using an ex vivo sepsis model, we discovered broad changes in DNA methylation throughout the genome of exhausted monocytes, including at several genes implicated in immune dysregulation during sepsis and Covid-19 infection (e.g. Plac8). Methylome reprogramming is driven in part by Wnt signaling inhibition in exhausted monocytes, and can be reversed with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, Wnt agonists, or immune training molecules. These changes are recapitulated in septic mice following cecal slurry injection, supporting the involvement of DNA methylation in acute and long-term monocyte dysregulation during sepsis.
2024-03-05 | GSE242816 | GEO