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Neuronal EphB1 induces STAT3 activation in astrocytes, which is impaired in ALS models [Mm]

ABSTRACT: Astrocyte responses to neuronal injury may be beneficial or detrimental to neuronal recovery, but the mechanism that determines these different responses are poorly understood. Transcriptional analysis showed that EphB1 induces a protective inflammatory signature in astrocytes, which is distinct from the response evoked by interleukin (IL)-6, which is known to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. We demonstrate that this beneficial EphB1 induced signaling pathway is disrupted in astrocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE102903 | GEO | 2017/09/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA399192

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Local cerebral hypoperfusion causes ischemic stroke while driving multiple cell-specific responses including inflammation, glutamate-NMDAR-mediated neurotoxicity, edema formation and angiogenesis. Despite the relevance of these pathophysiological mechanisms for disease progression and outcome, molecular determinants controlling the onset of these processes are only partially understood. In this context, our study intended to investigate the functional role of EphB2 – a receptor tyrosine kinase that is crucial for synapse function and binds to membrane-associated ephrin-B ligands. Cerebral ischemia was induced in EphB2-deficient mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by different times (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) of reperfusion. Histological, neurofunctional and transcriptome analyses indicated an increase in EphB2 phosphorylation under these conditions and attenuated progression of stroke in EphB2-deficient mice. Moreover, while infiltration of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes into the peri-infarct region was not altered, expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1 or IL-6 was decreased in these mice. In fact, in vitro analyses indicated that binding of EphB2 to astrocytic ephrin-B ligands stimulates NF-κB-mediated cytokine expression via the MAPK pathway. Further magnetic resonance imaging of the EphB2-deficient ischemic brain revealed a lower level of neuronal cytotoxic edema formation within 6 h upon onset of reperfusion. On the mechanistic level, absence of neuronal EphB2 decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+ load upon activation of NMDAR but not AMPAR. Moreover, activation of EphB2 by ephrin-B2 enhanced the NMDA-evoked excitotoxic neuronal cell death in vitro while neuron-specific loss of ephrin-B2 reduced the extent of cerebral tissue damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Collectively, EphB2 may promote the immediate response to an ischemia-reperfusion event in the central nervous system by (i) pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes via ephrin-B-dependent signalling and (ii) amplification of the NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity.

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Neuronal EphB1 induces STAT3 activation in astrocytes, which is impaired in ALS models [Mm]

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