Alveolar Injury and Regeneration Following Deletion of ABCA3
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE103506 | GEO | 2018/02/15
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We performed transcriptomic profiling of cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using distal lung directed differentiation protocol previously described to generate alveolar type II epithelial-like cells (iAEC2s). We used the RUES2-STAG human embryonic stem cell line containing bi-fluorescently targeted ABCA3:GFP knock-in fusion reporter and SFTPCtdTomato knock-in reporter to potentially identify heterogenous iAEC2 populations and determine their gene expression profiles. On day 36 of differentiation, we sorted SFTPCtdTomato/ABCA3:GFP double positive (DP), ABCA3:GFP single positive (SP) and reporter double negative (DN) cells for transcriptomic analysis by bulk RNA sequencing. We found DN cells to be enriched in non-lung endodermal cells. Comparison between the reporter positive iAEC2 populations revealed high transcriptomic similarity with expression of canonical AEC2 transcripts in both the DP and SP cells. Analyses of differentially expressed transcript between the DP and SP cells revealed higher levels of surfactant and lamellar body-related transcripts in the DP cells. Moreover, we find enrichment of proliferative markers associated with cellular proliferation indicating the ABCA3:GFP single positive iAEC2s to potentially be a more proliferative subset of iAEC2s.
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Project description:We perform transcriptomic profiling of cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using distal lung directed differentiation protocol previously described to generate alveolar type II epithelial-like cells (iAEC2s). We use the BU3 ABCA3:GFP iPSC line containing a GFP knock-in fluorescent reporter for the canonical AEC2 gene, ABCA3, to sort out pure populations of GFP positive and negative cells on day 31 of distal lung differentiation for bulk RNA sequencing analysis. We find canonical AEC2s transcripts as well as lamellar body-associated transcripts to be enriched in the ABCA3:GFP positive population suggestive of enrichment of AEC2 program. In contrast, we find non-lung endodermal lineages to be enriched in the ABCA3:GFP negative cells. Combined, these findings indicate the reliability of the ABCA3:GFP reporter in enriching iAEC2s in our in vitro distal lung directed differentiation protocol.
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Project description:Alveoli are thin-walled sacs that serve as the gas exchange units of the lung. They are affected in devastating lung diseases including COPD, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, and the major form (adenocarcinoma) of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths. The alveolar epithelium is composed of two morphologically distinct cell types: alveolar type (AT) 1 cells, exquisitely thin cells across which oxygen diffuses to reach the blood, and AT2 cells, specialized surfactant-secreting cells. Classical studies suggested that AT1 cells arise from AT2 cells during development and following injury, but more recent studies suggest other sources. Here we use histological and marker analysis, lineage tracing, and clonal analysis in mice to identify alveolar progenitor and stem cells and map their locations and potential in vivo. The results show that AT1 and AT2 cells arise independently during development from a bipotential progenitor. After birth, new AT1 cells derive from rare, long-lived, self-renewing AT2 cells, each producing a slowly expanding clonal focus of regenerated alveoli contiguous with the founder AT2 cell. This stem cell function of AT2 cells is broadly activated by diffuse AT1 cell injury, and AT2 self-renewal can be induced in vitro by EGF ligands and permanently activated in vivo by AT2 cell-specific targeting of the oncogenic KrasG12D allele, efficiently transforming AT2 cells into monoclonal adenomatous tumors that rapidly enlarge and prove fatal. Thus, there is a developmental switch in alveolar progenitor cells after birth, when mature AT2 cells function as facultative stem cells that contribute to local alveolar renewal, repair, and cancer. We propose that short-range signals from dying AT1 cells regulate AT2 stem cell activity: a signal transduced by EGFR-KRAS controls AT2 self-renewal and is hijacked during oncogenic transformation, and a separate signal controls reprogramming to AT1 cell fate. To compare expression between ATII and E18 BP populations, RNA was isolated from either population purified by FACS. Two populations are analyzed with 3 biological replicates per population.
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Project description:Following lung injury, alveolar regeneration is characterized by the transformation of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, via a transitional KRT8+ state, into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. In lung disease, dysfunctional intermediate cells accumulate, AT1 cells are diminished and fibrosis occurs. Using single cell RNA sequencing datasets of human interstitial lung disease, we found that interleukin-11 (IL11) is specifically expressed in aberrant KRT8 expressing KRT5-/KRT17+ and basaloid cells. Stimulation of AT2 cells with IL11 or TGFβ1 caused EMT, induced KRT8+ and stalled AT1 differentiation, with TGFβ1 effects being IL11 dependent. In bleomycin injured mouse lung, IL11 was increased in AT2-derived KRT8+ cells and deletion of Il11ra1 in lineage labeled AT2 cells reduced KRT8+ expression, enhanced AT1 differentiation and promoted alveolar regeneration, which was replicated in therapeutic studies using anti-IL11. These data show that IL11 maintains AT2 cells in a dysfunctional transitional state, impairs AT1 differentiation and blocks alveolar regeneration across species.
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Project description:Differential chromatin accessibility accompanies and mediates transcriptional control of diverse cell fates and their differentiation during embryogenesis. While the critical role of NKX2-1 and its transcritional targets in lung morphogenesis and pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation is increasingly known, mechanisms by which chromatin accessibility alters the epigenetic landscape to regulate NKX2-1 activites required for alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and function are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrate that the paird domain zinc finger transcriptional regulators PRDM3 and PRDM16 regulate chromatin accessibility required for NKX2-1 mediated AT1 and AT2 cell differentiation decisions during lung morphogenesis and for control of the induction of AT@ cell gene expression controlling alveolar function and ventilation at birth. PRDM3 and 16 were required for activation of AT2 cell-associated gene expression, enhancing chromatin accessibility at NKX2-1 transcriptional targets. NKX2-1, PRDM3, and PRDM16 bound together at cis-active DNA elements in AT2 and AT1 cell selective transcriptional target genes, including those critical for perinatal AT2 cell differentitaion, surfactant homeostasis, and innate host defense. Deletion of PRDM3/16 inhibited NKX2-1-dependent gene regulatory networks controlling surfactant lipid and protein production, resulting in respiratory failure at birth. NKX2-1-dependent regulation of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation is mediated by PRDM3/16.
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Project description:Proteasomes are a critical component of quality control that regulates turnover of short-lived, unfolded, and misfolded proteins. Proteasome activity has been therapeutically targeted and considered as a treatment option for several chronic lung disorders including pulmonary fibrosis. Though pharmacologic inhibition of proteasome activity effectively prevents the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the effect on alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells is not clear. To address this knowledge gap, we generated a genetic model in which a proteasome subunit, RPT3, which promotes assembly of active 26S proteasome, was conditionally deleted in AT2 cells of mice. Targeted deletion of RPT3 in AT2 cells resulted in 26S proteasome dysfunction, leading to augmented cell stress and death. Acute loss of AT2 cells resulted in depletion of alveolar surfactant, disruption of the alveolar epithelial barrier and, ultimately, lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the differential effect of proteasome inhibition in lung cell types.
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Project description:Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells function as stem cells in the adult lung and aid in injury-repair. The current study aimed to understand the signaling events that control differentiation of this therapeutically relevant cell type during human development through differentiation of lung progenitor organoids to AT2 cells and benchmarking against primary AT2 organoids.
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Project description:Following lung injury, alveolar regeneration is characterized by the transformation of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, via a transitional KRT8+ state, into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. In lung disease, dysfunctional intermediate cells accumulate, AT2 and AT1 cells are diminished and fibrosis occurs. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of human interstitial lung disease, we found that Interleukin-11 (IL11) is specifically expressed in aberrant KRT8 expressing KRT5-/KRT17+ epithelial cells and basaloid cells. Stimulation of AT2 cells and distal airway epithelial cells with IL11 or TGFβ1 caused epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induced extracellular matrix (ECM) production, increased KRT8 expression and stalled AT2-to-AT1 differentiation, with TGFβ1 effects being partially IL11 dependent. In bleomycin injured mouse lung, IL11 was increased in AT2-derived Krt8+ transitional cells and deletion of Il11ra1 in AT2 lineage cells prevented the accumulation of Krt8+ transitional cells, enhanced AT1 differentiation and promoted alveolar regeneration, which was replicated in therapeutic studies using anti-IL11 antibodies. scRNA-seq analysis of lung epithelial cells from mice with deletion of Il11ra1 in AT2 lineage cells further identified the importance of IL11 signaling for the potentiation and polarization of a disease-causing, ECM producing KRT8+ transitional cells that contributes to pathological lung remodeling. Overall, our data show that IL11 maintains damaged AT2 cells in a transitional state, impairs reparative AT1 differentiation and impairs endogenous alveolar regeneration to cause fibrotic lung disease.
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