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Dynamic remodeling of translation programs drives hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration

ABSTRACT: During liver regeneration, most new hepatocytes arise from pre-existing ones; yet, the underlying mechanisms that drive these cells from quiescence to proliferation remain poorly defined. By using high-resolution transcriptome profiling of polysome fractions from purified hepatocytes isolated from quiescent and toxin-injured adult mouse livers,we uncover the mRNA transcripts regulated during liver regeneration. The translational remodeling modulates protein levels of a set of splicing factors including Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2), which activates an early postnatal splicing program in regenerating hepatocytes as well as metabolic genes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE106140 | GEO | 2018/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Dynamic remodeling of mRNA splicing and translation programs drives hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration

Project description:During liver regeneration, most new hepatocytes arise from pre-existing ones; yet, the underlying mechanisms that drive these cells from quiescence to proliferation remain poorly defined. By using high-resolution transcriptome profiling of purified hepatocytes isolated from quiescent and toxin-injured adult mouse livers,we uncover an overlap of regenerative response with developmental transcriptome programming. The translational remodeling modulates protein levels ofa set of splicing factors including Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2), which activates an early postnatal splicing program in regenerating hepatocytes. We find that regeneration-regulated exons are enriched within unstructured regions of proteins and frequently harbor amino-acid residues that can be post-translationally modified to influence protein-protein interactions.

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ESRP2 Regulates A Conserved And Cell-Type-Specific Splicing Program to Support Postnatal Liver Maturation

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Project description:Postnatal period of development is critical for mammalian tissues and is coordinated through precise activation of genetic programs that govern differentiation, growth and maturation. Here, we describe a cell type- and developmental stage-specific program of alternative splicing that drives sequential replacement of fetal-to-adult protein isoforms in the mouse liver. Using deep transcriptome analysis of loss- & gain-of-function models we identified Epithelial Splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2) as the major regulator for these developmental splicing decisions. Targeted deletion of ESRP2 in mice resulted in the failure of fetal-to-adult switch in splicing for hundreds of RNA transcripts that encode proteins involved in functional competence of hepatocytes. To delineate its role in activation of adult splicing program, we generated transgenic mice with tetracycline-inducible and hepatocyte-specific expression of ESRP2. Remarkably, premature expression of ESRP2 in the livers of newborn pups forced an earlier-than-normal onset of adult splicing program. To determine the in vivo ESRP2 RNA binding landscape within hepatocytes, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to FLAG-tag the endogenous locus of ESRP2 in mice and performed FLAG-eCLIP to identify genomewide binding sites. We identified ESRP2 as a regulator of miR-122 levels in hepatocytes, wherein this axis balances the polyploidization and proliferation states in postnatal hepatocytes.

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ESRP2 Regulates A Conserved And Cell-Type-Specific Splicing Program to Support Postnatal Liver Maturation

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Expression data from rat hepatocyte during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

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Project description:The adult liver has exceptional ability to regenerate, but how it sustains normal metabolic activities during regeneration remains unclear. Here, we use partial hepatectomy (PHx) in tandem with single-cell transcriptomics to track cellular transitions and heterogeneities of ~22,000 liver cells through the initiation, progression, and termination phases of mouse liver regeneration. Our results reveal that following PHx, a subset of hepatocytes transiently reactivates an early-postnatal-like gene expression program to proliferate, while a distinct population of metabolically hyperactive cells appears to compensate for any temporary deficits in liver function. Importantly, through combined analysis of gene regulatory networks and cell- cell interaction maps, we find that regenerating hepatocytes redeploy key developmental gene regulons, which are guided by extensive ligand–receptor mediated signaling events between hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. Altogether, our study offers a detailed blueprint of the intercellular crosstalk and cellular reprogramming that balances the metabolic and proliferation requirements of a regenerating liver.

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