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Gene expression profile analysis and identification of the effects triggered by essential sandalwood oil on human skin explants

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study was to establish at the molecular level, a genetic profile of the biological activity of essential sandalwood oil from Santalum album, produced under standardized conditions. The model system under investigation is based on living human skin explants. This protocol permits to compare ex vivo the effects of SO at the histological level as well as the changes of gene expression as a function of SO concentration and duration of treatment. In the present report, Sandalwood oil (S. album) was applied to living human skin explants to evaluate the sustained activity of the oil through gene expression profiling. Transcriptomic analysis showed a number of metabolic pathways and biological activities triggered by treatments previously described for aloe, curcumin and luteolin. No inflammatory responses accompanied the beneficial activities. The most intriguing impact was the natural effect on the retinoic acid (vitamin A) metabolism. Furthermore, we found that mechanisms normally acting in more specialized cell types such as immune cells, adipocytes, nerve cells, or hair follicles were activated in human skin explants in response to sandalwood oil. Thus, the oil may have the potential of further beneficial activities such as its antibacterial activity among other protective mechanisms. These results corroborate at a molecular level the rationale for clinical studies with sandalwood oil and support recent studies of patients with eczema (atopic dermatitis) or acne, which is often accompanied by bacterial growth on skin of Propionibacterium acnes.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE106734 | GEO | 2017/11/10

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA417810

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Proprionibacterium acnes is a Gram positive bacterium found ubiquitously on human skin, where it is typically considered to assume a commensal relationship with its host. However, it is also closely associated with the skin condition acne vulgaris. More controversially, it has a postulated involvement in infections of implanted prosthetic devices and has been isolated from malignant prostate tissues. The role of P. acnes in these pathologies remains undetermined, although both bacterial and host factors are implicated. By microarray analysis, we have identified fundamental differences in the global transcriptional profiles of keratinocyte and prostate cells to P. acnes infection. Notably, P. acnes infection of the keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, elicited a robust, but acute inflammatory response. By contrast, the inflammatory response of the prostate cell line, RWPE1, was delayed and persisted for longer times. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed higher numbers of internalized P. acnes bacteria in RWPE1 cells, which could still be detected intracellularly three weeks post infection. This contrasted with HaCaT cells, which P. acnes largely failed to invade. Moreover, P. acnes induced a delayed, sustained activation of NFM-NM-:B in RWPE1 cells, which was absent in HaCaT cells. Further characterization of the host-cell response to infection revealed that the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, was a key determinant of P. acnes invasion, persistence and inflammatory profile in RWPE1 cells. siRNA mediated knock down of vimentin in RWPE1 cells attenuated bacterial invasion and the inflammatory response to infection; similarly, overexpression of vimentin in HaCaT cells increased bacterial invasion. We conclude that vimentin-dependent host-tissue tropism, in part, determines P. acnes invasion and inflammatory capacity. This could contribute to P. acnes pathology at non-skin infection sites. Microarray experiments were performed as dual-color hybridizations. In order to compensate specific effects of the dyes and to ensure statistically relevant data analysis, a color-swap dye-reversal was performed.

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Gene expression profile analysis and identification of the effects triggered by essential sandalwood oil on human skin explants

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