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Integrative analysis of the einkorn (Triticum monococum) grain reveals new mechanisms of response to sulfur deficiency

ABSTRACT: In wheat, the main staple crop in many regions of the word, one major challenge is to improve the yield potential while maintaining the grain quality, which is mainly defined by its protein concentration and composition. To achieve this goal, it is essential to considerate the nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrition, which strongly influences the grain storage protein (GSP) composition. Nowadays, the limitation of nitrogen inputs and the sulfur deficiency recently observed in soils represent major difficulties to control the grain quality. Thus, identification of the molecular mechanisms that control the accumulation of GSP in response to N and S supply is necessary. In this study, we applied four post-anthesis N and S treatments to an einkorn (Triticum monococcum) culture. Effects of the treatments on the grain transcriptome and metabolome were evaluated at different times during grain development. From the 386 differentially expressed genes and the 21 metabolites differentially accumulated, our results have revealed a strong impact of a high-N supply without any added S. A large majority of genes were transiently influenced by the treatments while others showed strong modifications of their kinetics of expression during grain filling. We hypothesized the role of several genes (e.ge.g. sulfate transporters, transcriptional regulators) in the adjustment of the N-to-S ratio in response to a S deficiency. These genes could coordinate the amino acid pool necessary for GSP synthesis. These new results contribute in facing the challenge of maintaining wheat grain quality for the development of more sustainable agriculture.

ORGANISM(S): Triticum monococcum

PROVIDER: GSE107807 | GEO | 2018/12/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Durum wheat requires high nitrogen inputs to obtain the high protein concentration necessary to satisfy pasta and semolina quality criteria. Optimizing plant nitrogen use efficiency is therefore of major importance for wheat grain quality. Here, we studied the impact on grain yield, protein concentration, and for the first time on protein composition of a marine (DPI4913) and a fungal (AF086) biostimulants applied to plant leaves. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and sampled at maturity for grain analysis. The protein concentration and quantity in grains per plant were determined, as well as water-use efficiency. A large-scale quantitative proteomics study of wheat flour samples was performed to determine the effect of biostimulant treatment on grain protein composition. Grain dry biomass and protein quantity were increased by 23.9% and 24.8% respectively with DPI4913, and by 27.4% and 25.9%, respectively, with AF086. A total of 1471 proteins were identified and 1391 were quantified. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 26 and 38 proteins with a significantly varying abundance after DPI4913 and AF086 treatment, respectively. Among these, 14 proteins were affected by both DPI4913 and AF086 treatments. The highest variations in proteins abundances were found for proteins involved in grain technological properties such as grain hardness, in storage functions with the substantial over-representation of the gluten protein gamma-gliadin, in regulation processes with the over-representation of proteins that play a transcription regulator role, and in stress responses with the over-representation of proteins implied in biotic and abiotic stress defense. The involvement of biostimulants in the abiotic stress response is suggested by the increase in water-use efficiency for DPI4913 treatment (15.4%) and for AF086 treatment (9.9%). In conclusion, our work, performed in greenhouse, has shown that DPI4913 and AF086 treatments promote grain yield while maintaining protein concentration in grains, and positively affect protein composition in term of grain quality. This study suggests that these biostimulants could be used to optimize durum wheat production and quality in field conditions.

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Integrative analysis of the einkorn (Triticum monococum) grain reveals new mechanisms of response to sulfur deficiency

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