ABSTRACT: We have established a role for p-ERK in mediating ATRA cytoprotection against chemical-induced injury to LLC-PK1 renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The present studies were conducted to assess downstream signaling from p-ERK in ATRA-mediated cytoprotection. Gene expression profiling via microarray and ontology analyses indicated an upregulation of genes associated with cell proliferation and differentiation shortly after (0.5 and 1 hr) ATRA (25 μM) treatment. Target genes of these transcription factors associated with ribosome biogenesis, DNA replication, DNA repair, and the cell cycle were significantly increased by 4 hr.
Project description:Irradiated granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-transduced autologous tumor cells induce substantial antitumor immunity through the maturation and migration of dendritic cells (DCs). However, little is known about the key molecules involved in GM-CSF-sensitized DCs (GM-DCs) in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). We initially confirmed that mice subcutaneously injected with poorly immunogenic syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells transduced with Sendai virus encoding GM-CSF (LLC/SeV/GM) significantly rejected the tumor growth. Using microarray expression profiling, we obtained a large number of gene expression data files from GM-DCs and control DCs in TDLNs, and subjected them to network-based cluster analysis and unexpectedly unraveled the expression levels of type I IFNs-related genes specifically expressed in plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) were robustly up-regulated in GM-DCs. In vivo depletion assay showed that pDC-depleted mice treated with subcutaneous LLC/SeV/GM cells abrogated the antitumor effects observed in control mice. Moreover combination use of imiquimod for TLR7 triggering on pDC with irradiated LLC/SeV/GM cells induced a significant therapeutic antitumor effect with marked induction of CD9+ pDC with antitumor phenotype, whereas other control mice groups had only minimal to-modest antitumor responses, implicating that this combined vaccine strategy using imiquimod could be promising for improvement of GM-CSF-induced antitumor immunity. Mouse GM-CSF induced gene expression in mature dendritic cells in tumor draining lymph nodes from C57/BL6N female mouse was measured at 2 days after s.c. tumor challenge with GM-CSF gene-transduced LLC cells (LLC/SeV/GM) or control cells (LLC, LLC/SeV/GFP).
Project description:PBS and Il-5 (22 pM) treated LLC and B16 cells were harvested after 24 hours, for comparison between: 1) PBS and IL-5 trerated LLC cells, and 2) btween LLC and B16 cells at baseline conditions.
Project description:Purpose:Cultured cell lines are widely used for research in the physiology, pathophysiology, toxicology and pharmacology of the renal proximal tubule. The lines that are most appropriate for a given use depend on the genes expressed.We have used modern RNA-sequencing techniques to identify the gene expression profile of 14 different cell lines plus primary cultures of mouse proximal tubule and compare them to transcriptomes of native kidney proximal tubules. Methods: 14 different proximal tubule cell lines were grown on permeable supports under conditions specific for the respective lines. RNA-Seq followed standard procedures. Results and conclusion: Transcripts expressed in cell lines showed variable match to transcripts selectively expressed in native proximal tubule. Opossum kidney (OK) cells displayed the highest percentage match (45%) with pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1) close behind (39%). Much lower percentage matches were seen for various human lines including HK-2 cells (26%) and lines from rodent kidneys (18-23%).An online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/JBrowse/KCT/) has been created for interrogation of the data.No cell line closely matched the transcriptome of native proximal tubule cells. However, some of the lines tested are suitable for the study of particular metabolic and transport processes seen in the proximal tubule.