Similar Datasets
Project description:Residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) on the E2F1 subunit plays an essential role in determining whether cell cycle progression or apoptosis ensues, although the molecular pathways underpinning the effects of methylation remain obscure. We report here that the methylation events on E2F1 have a direct impact on the mechanisms which underpin gene expression control. Specifically, the PRMT5-mediated symR mark not only influences the transcription repertoire of genes targeted by E2F1, but also endows E2F1 with the ability to regulate RNA splicing. This occurs through tudor domain protein p100/TSN which reads the symR mark on E2F1, and thereby enables a distinct set of RNA to be alternatively spliced. The p100/TSN-E2F1 complex binds alternatively spliced RNAs, with many RNAs derived from E2F target genes connected with proliferation and cancer.
2019-07-02 | GSE111960 | GEO
Project description:Residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) on the E2F1 subunit plays an essential role in determining whether cell cycle progression or apoptosis ensues, although the molecular pathways underpinning the effects of methylation remain obscure. We report here that the methylation events on E2F1 have a direct impact on the mechanisms which underpin gene expression control. Specifically, the PRMT5-mediated symR mark not only influences the transcription repertoire of genes targeted by E2F1, but also endows E2F1 with the ability to regulate RNA splicing. This occurs through tudor domain protein p100/TSN which reads the symR mark on E2F1, and thereby enables a distinct set of RNA to be alternatively spliced. The p100/TSN-E2F1 complex binds alternatively spliced RNAs, with many RNAs derived from E2F target genes connected with proliferation and cancer.
2019-07-02 | GSE111959 | GEO
Project description:Arginine methylation controls cell proliferation by integrating E2F activity with the splicing machinery
| PRJNA438681 | ENA
Project description:Arginine methylation controls cell proliferation by integrating E2F activity with the splicing machinery (RNA-seq data set)
| PRJNA438683 | ENA
Project description:Arginine methylation controls cell proliferation by integrating E2F activity with the splicing machinery (RIP-seq data set)
| PRJNA438684 | ENA
Project description:E2F transcription factors are implicated in diverse cellular functions. The founding member, E2F-1, is endowed with contradictory activities, being able to promote cell-cycle progression and induce apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that underlie the opposing outcomes of E2F-1 activation remain largely unknown. We show here that E2F-1 is directly methylated by PRMT5 (protein arginine methyltransferase 5), and that arginine methylation is responsible for regulating its biochemical and functional properties, which impacts on E2F-1-dependent growth control. Thus, depleting PRMT5 causes increased E2F-1 protein levels, which coincides with decreased growth rate and associated apoptosis. Arginine methylation influences E2F-1 protein stability, and the enhanced transcription of a variety of downstream target genes reflects increased E2F-1 DNA-binding activity. Importantly, E2F-1 is methylated in tumour cells, and a reduced level of methylation is evident under DNA damage conditions that allow E2F-1 stabilization and give rise to apoptosis. Significantly, in a subgroup of colorectal cancer, high levels of PRMT5 frequently coincide with low levels of E2F-1 and reflect a poor clinical outcome. Our results establish that arginine methylation regulates the biological activity of E2F-1 activity, and raise the possibility that arginine methylation contributes to tumourigenesis by influencing the E2F pathway.
| S-EPMC3321197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are major sources of protein diversity in eukaryotic proteomes. The SR protein SF2/ASF is an oncoprotein that functions in pre-mRNA splicing, with additional roles in other posttranscriptional and translational events. Functional studies of SR protein PTMs have focused exclusively on the reversible phosphorylation of Ser residues in the C-terminal RS domain. We confirmed that human SF2/ASF is methylated at residues R93, R97, and R109, which were identified in a global proteomic analysis of Arg methylation, and further investigated whether these methylated residues regulate the properties of SF2/ASF. We show that the three arginines additively control the subcellular localization of SF2/ASF and that both the positive charge and the methylation state are important. Mutations that block methylation and remove the positive charge result in the cytoplasmic accumulation of SF2/ASF. The consequent decrease in nuclear SF2/ASF levels prevents it from modulating the alternative splicing of target genes, results in higher translation stimulation, and abrogates the enhancement of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This study addresses the mechanisms by which Arg methylation and the associated positive charge regulate the activities of SF2/ASF and emphasizes the significance of localization control for an oncoprotein with multiple functions in different cellular compartments.
| S-EPMC2876523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The mechanisms that underlie and dictate the different biological outcomes of E2F-1 activity have yet to be elucidated. We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. Methylation by PRMT1 hinders methylation by PRMT5, which augments E2F-1-dependent apoptosis, whereas PRMT5-dependent methylation favors proliferation by antagonizing methylation by PRMT1. The ability of E2F-1 to prompt apoptosis in DNA damaged cells coincides with enhanced PRMT1 methylation. In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. The Tudor domain protein p100-TSN reads the symmetric methylation mark, and binding of p100-TSN downregulates E2F-1 apoptotic activity. Our results define an exquisite level of precision in the reader-writer interplay that governs the biological outcome of E2F-1 activity.
| S-EPMC4129656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:E2F is a family of master transcription regulators involved in mediating diverse cell fates. Here, we show that residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) by PRMT5 enables E2F1 to regulate many genes at the level of alternative RNA splicing, rather than through its classical transcription-based mechanism. The p100/TSN tudor domain protein reads the meR mark on chromatin-bound E2F1, allowing snRNA components of the splicing machinery to assemble with E2F1. A large set of RNAs including spliced variants associate with E2F1 by virtue of the methyl mark. By focusing on the deSUMOylase SENP7 gene, which we identified as an E2F target gene, we establish that alternative splicing is functionally important for E2F1 activity. Our results reveal an unexpected consequence of arginine methylation, where reader-writer interplay widens the mechanism of control by E2F1, from transcription factor to regulator of alternative RNA splicing, thereby extending the genomic landscape under E2F1 control.
| S-EPMC6594773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tissue repair, immune defence and cancer progression rely on a vital cellular decision between quiescence and proliferation1,2. Mammalian cells proliferate by triggering a positive feedback mechanism3,4. The transcription factor E2F activates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the E2F inhibitor protein retinoblastoma (Rb). This action further increases E2F activity to express genes needed for proliferation. Given that positive feedback can inadvertently amplify small signals, understanding how cells keep this positive feedback in check remains a puzzle. Here we measured E2F and CDK2 signal changes in single cells and found that the positive feedback mechanism engages only late in G1 phase. Cells spend variable and often extended times in a reversible state of intermediate E2F activity before committing to proliferate. This intermediate E2F activity is proportional to the amount of phosphorylation of a conserved T373 residue in Rb that is mediated by CDK2 or CDK4/CDK6. Such T373-phosphorylated Rb remains bound on chromatin but dissociates from it once Rb is hyperphosphorylated at many sites, which fully activates E2F. The preferential initial phosphorylation of T373 can be explained by its relatively slower rate of dephosphorylation. Together, our study identifies a primed state of intermediate E2F activation whereby cells sense external and internal signals and decide whether to reverse and exit to quiescence or trigger the positive feedback mechanism that initiates cell proliferation.
| S-EPMC11236703 | biostudies-literature