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Transcriptional Targeting Of Oncogene Addiction In Medullary Thyroid Cancer [RNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a currently incurable disease. FDA approved therapies that target RET, a commonly mutated receptor tyrosine kinase in MTC, and other receptor tyrosine kinases, do not result in complete responses and acquired resistance is universal due to “gatekeeper” mutation in Ret or overactivation of alternative signaling pathways. Based on data from human MTCs and a number of murine models, the CDK/RB cell cycle pathway is a potential alternative target for MTC. The objective of this study was to determine if CDKs represent therapeutic targets for MTC and to define mechanisms of activity. We demonstrate that targeting the CDK/RB pathway with Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) is not cytotoxic to MTC cells but that Dinaciclib (CDK1/2/5/9 inhibitor) remarkably reduced cell viability and proliferation at low doses in two MTC cell lines accompanied by loss of CDK9 and RET protein and mRNA levels. In human tumors, CDK9 protein was highly expressed and array CGH demonstrated copy number gain in 11/30 analyzed tumors. RNA sequencing demonstrated that RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription was markedly reduced by Dinaciclib, consistent with transcriptional mode of action. Subsequent studies using the CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1, demonstrated high potency vs. the MTC cell lines and marked loss of RET mRNA and protein. In silico analysis, and CHIP-Sequencing using H3K27Ac antibody confirmed that RET is associated with a super-enhancer in RET-mutated MTC cells. In summary, this study reveals a novel mechanism of RET transcription regulation that represents a potentially translatable finding for new therapeutic approaches for RET-mutated MTC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE114069 | GEO | 2018/12/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptional Targeting Of Oncogene Addiction In Medullary Thyroid Cancer [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a currently incurable disease. FDA approved therapies that target RET, a commonly mutated receptor tyrosine kinase in MTC, and other receptor tyrosine kinases, do not result in complete responses and acquired resistance is universal due to “gatekeeper” mutation in Ret or overactivation of alternative signaling pathways. Based on data from human MTCs and a number of murine models, the CDK/RB cell cycle pathway is a potential alternative target for MTC. The objective of this study was to determine if CDKs represent therapeutic targets for MTC and to define mechanisms of activity. We demonstrate that targeting the CDK/RB pathway with Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) is not cytotoxic to MTC cells but that Dinaciclib (CDK1/2/5/9 inhibitor) remarkably reduced cell viability and proliferation at low doses in two MTC cell lines accompanied by loss of CDK9 and RET protein and mRNA levels. In human tumors, CDK9 protein was highly expressed and array CGH demonstrated copy number gain in 11/30 analyzed tumors. RNA sequencing demonstrated that RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription was markedly reduced by Dinaciclib, consistent with transcriptional mode of action. Subsequent studies using the CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1, demonstrated high potency vs. the MTC cell lines and marked loss of RET mRNA and protein. In silico analysis, and CHIP-Sequencing using H3K27Ac antibody confirmed that RET is associated with a super-enhancer in RET-mutated MTC cells. In summary, this study reveals a novel mechanism of RET transcription regulation that represents a potentially translatable finding for new therapeutic approaches for RET-mutated MTC.

2018-12-25 | GSE114068 | GEO

Development of a selective CDK9 degrader from a multi-targeted CDK inhibitor [RNA-seq]

Project description:Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a key regulator of transcriptional elongation, has long been considered a promising target for cancer therapy, particularly for cancers driven by transcriptional dysregulation. However, despite promising early clinical data in blood cancers using pan-CDK inhibitors that potently inhibit CDK9 such as Dinaciclib and Flavopiridol, no selective CDK9 inhibitors have been clinically approved. Here we show that a multi-targeted CDK inhibitor can be used to develop a selective CDK9 degrader exemplified by THAL-SNS-032, a hetero-bifunctional molecule composed of SNS-032, a CDK2,7,9 inhibitor conjugated to thalidomide, a small molecule binder of Cereblon. We demonstrate that THAL-SNS-032 can recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cereblon to CDK9 and induce its proteasome-mediated degradation. Treatment of cells with low nanomolar concentrations of THAL-SNS-032 resulted in rapid and efficient CDK9 degradation but did not affect levels of other SNS-032 targets, including CDK2 and CDK7. Consistent with this selective degradation phenotype, transcriptional profiling of THAL-SNS-032 indicated that its transcriptional effects were more similar to that of a selective CDK9 inhibitor, NVP2, than that of the nonselective SNS-032 parent compound. Moreover, THAL-SNS-032, in contrast to traditional CDK9 inhibitors, retained potent pro-apoptotic activity even after compound removal from cells. This suggests that degradation of CDK9 leads to prolonged cytotoxic effects as compared to CDK9 inhibition. Thus, our findings suggest that thalidomide conjugation may be a promising strategy for converting multi-targeting inhibitors into selective degraders, and that the pharmacological effects of kinase degradation can be distinct from kinase inhibition.

2017-09-01 | GSE89385 | GEO

Development of a selective CDK9 degrader from a multi-targeted CDK inhibitor [ChIP-seq]

2017-09-01 | GSE89384 | GEO

Changes in gene expression following MGH-CP1 or dinaciclib treatment.

Project description:Purpose: There are no effective treatment options for patients with aggressive epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) driven by the TAZ-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion gene. Here, we aimed to understand the regulation of TC using pharmacological tools and identify vulnerabilities that can potentially be exploited for the treatment of EHE. Design: TC is a transcriptional co-regulator; we hypothesized that compounds that reduce TC nuclear levels, either through translocation of TC to the cytoplasm, or through degradation, would render TC less oncogenic. TC localization was monitored using immunofluorescence (IF) in an EHE tumor cell line. Two target-selective libraries were used to identify small molecules that reduce TC localization in the nucleus. The ability of the shortlisted hits to affect cell viability, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis was also evaluated. Results: Basal TC remained ‘immobile’ in the nucleus; administration of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as CGP60474 and dinaciclib mobilized TC. ‘Mobile’ TC shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, it was eventually degraded through proteasomes. This dramatically suppressed the levels of TC-regulated transcripts and cell viability, promoted apoptosis, and reduced the area of metastatic lesions in the allograft model of EHE. We specifically identified that the inhibition of CDK9, a transcriptional CDK, destabilizes TC. Conclusions: The CDK inhibitor dinaciclib exhibited anti-tumorigenic properties both in vitro and in vivo in EHE models. Dinaciclib has been rigorously tested in clinical trials and displayed an acceptable toxicity profile. Therefore, there is a potential therapeutic window for repurposing dinaciclib for the treatment of EHE.

2024-07-19 | GSE271140 | GEO

GDNF-RET signaling as a target in aromatase inhibitor resistant breast cancers

Project description:Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to endocrine therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. We have previously demonstrated that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling via the receptor tyrosine kinase RET promotes estrogen independent activation of ER. Here we have addressed the relevance of GDNF-RET signaling in response to aromatase inhibitor treatment and explored the efficacy of using RET inhibitors in breast cancer models of aromatase inhibitor response and resistance. A GDNF-response gene set, identified from gene expression profiling, was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker of poor patient outcome and, importantly, to be predictive of poor response to aromatase inhibitor treatment and development of resistance. The relevance of these findings was validated first by demonstrating an association of RET protein expression in an independent cohort of aromatase inhibitor resistant patient samples. Second, in in vitro models, GDNF-mediated RET signaling was demonstrated to enhance the survival of aromatase inhibitor resistant cells and to increase resistance in aromatase inhibitor sensitive cells. These effects could be reversed by targeting GDNF/RET signaling with the RET selective inhibitor NVP-BBT594 thus identifying GDNF-RET signaling as a potential therapeutic target, particularly in breast cancers resistant to aromatase inhibitors.<br>MCF7 cells were E2-deprived by culturing in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% DCC for 3 days and then serum-starved overnight in the presence or absence of fulvestrant (ICI182,780) (100 nM). The following day, cells were treated with GDNF (20 ng/ml) for 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours in the presence or absence of fulvestrant (ICI182,780) (100 nM).

2013-01-17 | E-MEXP-3662 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional CDK inhibitors as potential treatment option for testicular germ cell tumors

Project description:Type II testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequently diagnosed solid malignancy in young men. Up to 15 % of patients with metastatic non-seminomas show cisplatin resistance having a very poor survival rate due to lacking treatment options. Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) have been shown to be effective targets in treatment of different types of cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of the CDK inhibitors dinaciclib, flavopiridol, YKL-5-124, THZ1, NVP2, SY0351 and THZ531. XTT viability assay revealed strong cytotoxic impact of CDK7/ 12/ 13 inhibitor SY0351 and CDK9 inhibitor NVP2 on the TGCT wild type cell lines (2102EP, NCCIT, TCam2) and the cisplatin resistant cell lines (2102EP-R, NCCIT-R). The CDK7 inhibitor YKL-5-124 showed strong impact on 2102EP, 2102EP-R, NCCIT and NCCIT-R cell lines leaving the MPAF control cell line mostly unaffected. FACS based analysis revealed mild effects on the cell cycle of 2102EP and TCam2 cells after SY0351, YKL-5-124 or NVP2 treatment. Molecular analysis showed a cell line specific response for SY0351 and NVP2 inhibition while YKL-5-124 induced similar molecular changes in 2102EP, TCam2 and MPAF cells. Thus, after TGCT subtype determination CDK inhibitors might be a potential alternative for optimized and individualized therapy independent of chemotherapy sensitivity.

2022-03-26 | GSE198248 | GEO

Investigation of CDK substrate thermal stability in Jurkat T cells

Project description:In order to determine how phosphorylation of CDK substrates affects their thermal stability, we treated Jurkat T cells with DMSO, Nocodazole, or Nocodazole + CDK inhibitors (Dinaciclib and Palbociclib).

2024-06-17 | PXD050445 | Pride

CDK9-55 guides the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in choosing the DNA repair pathway by affecting the UFL1 ubiquitination.

Project description:DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contribute to genome instability, a key feature of cancer. DSBs are mainly repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). We investigated the role of an isoform of the multifunctional cyclin-dependent kinase 9, CDK9-55, in DNA repair, by generating CDK9-55-knockout HeLa clones (through CRISPR-36 Cas9), which showed potential HR dysfunction. A phosphoproteomic screening in these clones treated with camptothecin revealed that CDC23 (cell division cycle 23), a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome), is a new substrate of CDK9-55, with S588 being its putative phosphorylation site. Mutated non-phosphorylatable CDC23(S588A) affected the repair pathway choice by impairing HR and favouring error prone NHEJ. Moreover, CDC23(S588A) promoted the ubiquitination of UFL1, a recently identified HR player. Overall, CDK9-55 could guide APC/C in choosing the correct DNA repair pathway, possibly by regulating UFL1 stability. This CDK9 role should be considered when designing CDK-inhibitor-based cancer therapies.

2021-07-20 | MSV000087856 | MassIVE

Project description:RET-altered microRNAs in MTC

| PRJNA475653 | ENA

Rb and the APC/C coactivator FZR1 determine CDK4/6-Cyclin D requirement in C. elegans and human cancer cells

Project description:Cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) in complex with D-type cyclins promote cell cycle entry, at least in part through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb). The CDK4/6-cyclin D-Rb pathway is commonly deregulated in human cancer, often through CDK4/6 or D-type cyclin overexpression, or inactivation of the CDK4/6 antagonist p16/CDKN2A. Importantly, a substantial fraction of cancers depend on continuous CDK4/6-cyclin D kinase activity and are sensitive to CDK4/6-specific inhibitors. Here, we investigate critical CDK4/6-cyclin D functions that may determine the sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors, making use of the essential roles of CDK4/6 (CDK-4) and cyclin D (CYD-1) in the nematode C. elegans. In an unbiased screen, we found that simultaneous loss of C. elegans Rb (lin-35) and down-regulation of the APC/C substrate specificity factor FZR1/Cdh1 completely overcomes CDK-4/CYD-1 requirement. Furthermore, CDK-4/CYD-1 phosphorylates specific residues in the LIN-35 Rb spacer domain and FZR-1 N-terminus that correspond to inactivating phosphorylations of the human homologs. Thus, CDK-4/CYD-1 appears to promote cell cycle entry by antagonizing not only transcriptional repression by LIN-35 Rb but also protein degradation by APC/CFZR-1. Simultaneous knockdown of Rb and FZR1 in human breast cancer cells synergistically overcomes arrest by the CDK4/6-specific inhibitor PD 00332991. These results reveal APC/CFZR1 as a putative CDK4/6-Cyclin D target and important contributing factor in the response to CDK4/6-inhibitor treatment.

2016-07-05 | PXD001501 | Pride

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