A sensor kinase controls turgor-driven plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Pyricularia oryzae
PROVIDER: GSE118095 | GEO | 2019/07/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The rice pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, undergoes a complex developmental process leading to formation of an appressorium prior to plant infection. In an effort to better understand phosphoregulation during appressorium development, a mass spectrometry-based study was undertaken. Phosphosites were identified from phosphoproteins from mycelia, conidia, germlings, and appressoria of the wild type and a ckpA mutant. The cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (CPKA) is required for initial perception of the leaf surface, development of functional appressoria, and timely mobilization of storage reserves in conidia, including glycogen and lipid bodies.
2015-05-13 | PXD001389 | Pride
Project description:The rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is disseminated using a three-celled spore or conidium. Upon landing on the surface of a rice leaf, the conidium germinates and forms a specialised structure for entry into the host plant - the appressorium. In this study we have followed gene expression thoughout germination of the conidium and formation of the appressorium to identify genes that may be important for appressorium function. We have also compared gene expression in the wild-type germinating conidium at four hours to a mutant strain deleted for the MAP kinase pmk1. The pmk1 mutant is unable to form appressoria. Samples were taken from five time-points in wild-type germinating conidia and one time-point in the pmk1 mutant. Two replicates were taken at each time-point.
2012-02-13 | E-GEOD-30069 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is disseminated using a three-celled spore or conidium. Upon landing on the surface of a rice leaf, the conidium germinates and forms a specialised structure for entry into the host plant - the appressorium. In this study we have followed gene expression thoughout germination of the conidium and formation of the appressorium to identify genes that may be important for appressorium function. We have also compared gene expression in the wild-type germinating conidium at four hours to a mutant strain deleted for the MAP kinase pmk1. The pmk1 mutant is unable to form appressoria.
2012-02-13 | GSE30069 | GEO
Project description:This series examines differential gene expression during germination and appressorium formation by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Conidia were germinated on either the hydrophobic (inductive) or hydrophilic (non-inductive) side of GelBond. RNA was extracted from conidia and following incubation for 7 and 12 hours. RNA from two biological replications of each treatment was pooled in equal amounts and labeled with both cy3 and cy5 dyes using the Agilent Technologies Low Input Linear Amplification Kit. Hybridizations were performed on Agilent Technologies whole genome oligo rice blast arrays (product G4137A) using manufacturer prescribed protocols and reagents in an interlaced loop design in which each treatment was paired with every other. This series contains a total of 10 hybridizations; each treatment was used in 4 hybridizations (2 with cy3 and 2 cy5). Spot fluorescence was normalized using Lowess within and between microarray slides in Bioconductor and gene expression profiles analyzed in GeneSpring. Keywords: other
2010-06-05 | E-GEOD-1945 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptional changes were monitored in the wheat cultivar Renan 24 hours post i noculation with adapted and non-adapted Magnaporthe isolates using the Affymetrix wheat genome array GeneChip®. Wheat plants cv. Renan were grown in a peat and sand (1:1) mix at 23 C in a Sanyo Fitotron growth cabinet (Sanyo Gallenkamp PLC, Loughborough, U.K.) with a 16/8 h, light/dark cycle. Three Magnaporthe isolates were used in this expt, two wheat-adapted isolates (BR32, BR37) and one wheat non-adapted isolate (BR29). Magnaporthe isolates were grown for eleven days on Complete Media Agar at 25 C under a 16/8h, light/dark cycle. Conidia were harvested by flooding the plates with 5 mL of sterile inoculation solution [0.25% (w/v) gelatine and 0.01% (v/v) Tween 20] and scraping the conidia from the surface using a sterile glass rod. Conidia were filtered through sterile miracloth and the density adjusted to 1 x 10 5 conidia mL-1 with inoculation solution. Fourteen day old wheat seedlings mist inoculated with 4 mL of a Magnaporthe conidia suspension and plants were sealed in plastic propagators to maintain relative humidity c.100% and kept at 25 C in the dark for the first 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). Inoculation solution without Magnaporthe conidia was used as a mock-inoculation control. Leaf samples were collected 24 hpi for transcriptomics analysis from three independent biological experiments. Leaf tissue was ground under liquid nitrogen and total RNA extracted using a QIAquick RNeasy Plant Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), followed by TURBO DNaseTM (Ambion, Texas, U.S.A.) treatment. RNeasy Mini Spin column purification (Qiagen) was used to further purify RNA samples for array hybridisation. RNA quality checks, cRNA conversion and Affymetrix genome array hybridisation was carried out by the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) array hybridisation service (http://affymetrix.arabidopsis.info/). ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Graham McGrann. The equivalent experiment is TA24 at PLEXdb.]
2011-08-31 | GSE31760 | GEO
Project description:This series examines differential gene expression during germination and appressorium formation by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Conidia were germinated on either the hydrophobic (inductive) or hydrophilic (non-inductive) side of GelBond. RNA was extracted from conidia and following incubation for 7 and 12 hours. RNA from two biological replications of each treatment was pooled in equal amounts and labeled with both cy3 and cy5 dyes using the Agilent Technologies Low Input Linear Amplification Kit. Hybridizations were performed on Agilent Technologies whole genome oligo rice blast arrays (product G4137A) using manufacturer prescribed protocols and reagents in an interlaced loop design in which each treatment was paired with every other. This series contains a total of 10 hybridizations; each treatment was used in 4 hybridizations (2 with cy3 and 2 cy5). Spot fluorescence was normalized using Lowess within and between microarray slides in Bioconductor and gene expression profiles analyzed in GeneSpring. Keywords: other
2004-11-10 | GSE1945 | GEO
Project description:Oligomycins are macrolide antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces spp. that show antagonistic effects against several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. Conidiogenesis, germination of conidia and formation of appressoria are determining factors pertaining to pathogenicity and successful diseases cycles of filamentous fungal phytopathogens. The goal of this research was to evaluate the in vitro suppressive effects of two oligomycins, oligomycin B and F along with a commercial fungicide Nativo® 75WG on hyphal growth, conidiogenesis, conidial germination, and appressorial formation of the wheat blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. We also determined the efficacy of these two oligomycins and the fungicide product in vivo in suppressing wheat blast with a detached leaf assay. Both oligomycins suppressed the growth of MoT mycelium in a dose dependent manner. Between the two natural products, oligomycin F provided higher inhibition of MoT hyphal growth compared to oligomycin B with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.005 and 0.05 μg/disk, respectively. The application of the compounds completely halted conidial formation of the MoT mycelium in agar medium. Further bioassays showed that these compounds significantly inhibited MoT conidia germination and induced lysis. The compounds also caused abnormal germ tube formation and suppressed appressorial formation of germinated spores. Interestingly, the application of these macrolides significantly inhibited wheat blast on detached leaves of wheat. This is the first report on the inhibition of mycelial growth, conidiogenesis, germination of conidia, deleterious morphological changes in germinated conidia, and suppression of blast disease of wheat by oligomycins from Streptomyces spp. Further study is needed to unravel the precise mode of action of these natural compounds and consider them as biopesticides for controlling wheat blast.
| S-EPMC7430738 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is a fungal pathogen and the causal agent of rice blast disease. Previous lipidomics analysis of M. oryzae demonstrated that trehalose, a carbohydrate common to various fungi and algae, is thought to be involved in the possible conversion of glycogen into triacylglycerides for energy, an important step in the pathogenesis of M. oryzae. A key enzyme responsible for trehalose synthesis is trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (Tps1). Therefore, we modeled the structure of Tps1 and sought to screen a chemical database in silico for possible inhibitors of the enzyme. Based on homologous alignment and sequence analysis, we first modeled the structure of Tps1 to determine the potential active site of the enzyme and its conformation. Using this model, we then undertook a docking study to determine the potential interaction that would manifest between Tsp1 and potential chemical inhibitors. Of the 400,000 chemicals screened in the Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository, we identified 45 potential candidates. The best candidate (Compound 24789937) was chosen and subjected to various structural optimization techniques to improve the suitability of the potential chemical inhibitors at the docking site of Tps1. From these modified versions of Compound 24789937, one lead compound (Lead 25) was shown to have the best binding affinity to Tps1 and good water solubility as compared with the ideal template compound and the other 44 potential candidates. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed the strength of the Tps1-Lead 25 complex and indicated the potential for Lead 25 to be used as an inhibitor of Tps1 in the control of M. oryzae-mediated rice blast disease.
| S-EPMC3901853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMagnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease of rice, is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. The genome of this fungal pathogen has been sequenced and an automated annotation has recently been updated to Version 6 http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_grisea/MultiDownloads.html. However, a comprehensive manual curation remains to be performed. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation is a valuable means of assigning functional information using standardized vocabulary. We report an overview of the GO annotation for Version 5 of M. oryzae genome assembly.MethodsA similarity-based (i.e., computational) GO annotation with manual review was conducted, which was then integrated with a literature-based GO annotation with computational assistance. For similarity-based GO annotation a stringent reciprocal best hits method was used to identify similarity between predicted proteins of M. oryzae and GO proteins from multiple organisms with published associations to GO terms. Significant alignment pairs were manually reviewed. Functional assignments were further cross-validated with manually reviewed data, conserved domains, or data determined by wet lab experiments. Additionally, biological appropriateness of the functional assignments was manually checked.ResultsIn total, 6,286 proteins received GO term assignment via the homology-based annotation, including 2,870 hypothetical proteins. Literature-based experimental evidence, such as microarray, MPSS, T-DNA insertion mutation, or gene knockout mutation, resulted in 2,810 proteins being annotated with GO terms. Of these, 1,673 proteins were annotated with new terms developed for Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO). In addition, 67 experiment-determined secreted proteins were annotated with PAMGO terms. Integration of the two data sets resulted in 7,412 proteins (57%) being annotated with 1,957 distinct and specific GO terms. Unannotated proteins were assigned to the 3 root terms. The Version 5 GO annotation is publically queryable via the GO site http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/go.cgi. Additionally, the genome of M. oryzae is constantly being refined and updated as new information is incorporated. For the latest GO annotation of Version 6 genome, please visit our website http://scotland.fgl.ncsu.edu/smeng/GoAnnotationMagnaporthegrisea.html. The preliminary GO annotation of Version 6 genome is placed at a local MySql database that is publically queryable via a user-friendly interface Adhoc Query System.ConclusionOur analysis provides comprehensive and robust GO annotations of the M. oryzae genome assemblies that will be solid foundations for further functional interrogation of M. oryzae.
| S-EPMC2654668 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating pathogens in rice. Avirulence genes in this fungus share a gene-for-gene relationship with the resistance genes in its host rice. Although numerous studies have shown that rice blast R-genes are extremely diverse and evolve rapidly in their host populations, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of the Avr-genes in the pathogens.ResultsHere, six well-characterized Avr-genes and seven randomly selected non-Avr control genes were used to investigate the genetic variations in 62 rice blast strains from different parts of China. Frequent presence/absence polymorphisms, high levels of nucleotide variation (~10-fold higher than non-Avr genes), high non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios, and frequent shared non-synonymous substitution were observed in the Avr-genes of these diversified blast strains. In addition, most Avr-genes are closely associated with diverse repeated sequences, which may partially explain the frequent presence/absence polymorphisms in Avr-genes.ConclusionThe frequent deletion and gain of Avr-genes and rapid non-synonymous variations might be the primary mechanisms underlying rapid adaptive evolution of pathogens toward virulence to their host plants, and these features can be used as the indicators for identifying additional Avr-genes. The high number of nucleotide polymorphisms among Avr-gene alleles could also be used to distinguish genetic groups among different strains.
| S-EPMC4021558 | biostudies-literature