AXL is a putative tumor suppressor and dormancy regulator in prostate cancer
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE119003 | GEO | 2018/10/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:AXL is a putative tumor suppressor and dormancy regulator in prostate cancer
| PRJNA487645 | ENA
Project description:Prostate cancer bone metastasis remains lethal and incurable, and often arises years after elimination of the primary tumor. It is unclear what underlies the decades-long clinical latency before recurrence, but evidence points to the existence of dormant residual tumor cells that disseminated before the primary tumor was eliminated. To design therapies to prevent progression of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) into lethal metastases, it is crucial to understand the mechanism(s) underlying this dormancy. The current study functionally validated our previous observation that implicated the GAS6/AXL axis in mediating DTC dormancy in the bone marrow. AXL-null and AXL-overexpressing prostate cancer cell lines were generated to determine if AXL was necessary and/or sufficient for dormancy. Characterization of these cells in vitro and using in vivo mouse models of DTC growth demonstrated that AXL was indeed sufficient to induce dormancy, but was unable to maintain it long-term and was not absolutely required for a dormancy period. Clinically, AXL expression correlated with longer survival in prostate cancer patients, and AXL was not expressed by cancer cells in primary or metastatic tissue. These data point to a tumor-suppressive role for AXL in prostate cancer, and future work is required to determine if AXL is expressed on human bone marrow DTCs. IMPLICATIONS: The ability of AXL to initiate but not maintain dormancy, coupled with its dispensability, suggests that targeting AXL alone will not prevent lethal metastatic outgrowth, and likely a cooperative network of factors exists to mediate long-term cellular dormancy.
| S-EPMC6359976 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Overexpression and amplification of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has been found in several hematologic and solid malignancies. Activation of AXL by its ligand GAS6 can enhance tumor-promoting processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Despite the important role of AXL in cancer development, a deep and quantitative mapping of its signaling transduction has not been performed. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic approach to characterize the temporal dynamics of the phosphotyrosine proteome of MDA-MB-231 cells stimulated with GAS6
2021-08-24 | PXD025457 | Pride
Project description:AXL is activated by its ligand GAS6 and is expressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. We report that AXL is also detected in HER2+ breast cancer specimens where its expression correlates with poor patients’ survival. Using murine models of HER2+ breast cancer, AXL, but not Gas6, was found essential for metastasis. We determined that AXL is required for intravasation, extravasation and growth at the metastatic site. AXL is expressed in HER2+ cancers displaying EMT signatures and contributes to sustain EMT in murine tumors. Interfering with AXL in patient-derived xenograft impaired TGF-β-induced cell invasion. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of AXL decreased the metastatic burden of mice developing HER2+ breast cancer. Our data identify AXL as a potential co-therapeutic target during the treatment of HER2+ breast cancers to limit metastasis.
2018-05-01 | GSE102368 | GEO
Project description:Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) induce a dramatic response in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the ALK fusion gene. However, acquired resistance to ALK-TKIs in lung cancer cells remains an inevitable problem: ALK secondary mutations and bypass pathways have been reported as major resistance mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to discover a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to ALK-TKIs and a strategy to conquer ALK-positive lung cancer. We established three types of ALK-TKI (crizotinib, alectinib and ceritinib)–resistant H2228 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by high exposure and stepwise methods. We found these cells showed a loss of ALK signaling, overexpressed AXL with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and had cancer stem cell–like properties. Similarly, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 treated H2228 cells also showed AXL overexpression with EMT features and ALK-TKI–resistance. The AXL inhibitor, R428, or HSP90 inhibitor, ganetespib, were effective in reversing ALK-TKI–resistance and EMT changes in both ALK-TKI–resistant and TGF-β1–exposed H2228 cells. Progression-free survival of ALK-positive NSCLC patients with AXL overexpression was shorter than that of patients who underwent crizotinib therapy and showed low AXL expression. Thus, we found ALK signaling-independent AXL overexpression and EMT features were commonly involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to first and second generation ALK-TKIs. This suggests AXL and HSP90 inhibitors may be promising therapeutic drugs to overcome tumor cells in ALK-positive NSCLC patients.
2017-02-17 | GSE94809 | GEO
Project description:AXL is activated by its ligand GAS6 and is expressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. We report that AXL is also detected in HER2+ breast cancer specimens where its expression correlates with poor patients’ survival. Using murine models of HER2+ breast cancer, AXL, but not Gas6, was found essential for metastasis. We determined that AXL is required for intravasation, extravasation and growth at the metastatic site. AXL is expressed in HER2+ cancers displaying EMT signatures and contributes to sustain EMT in murine tumors. Interfering with AXL in patient-derived xenograft impaired TGF-β-induced cell invasion. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of AXL decreased the metastatic burden of mice developing HER2+ breast cancer. Our data identify AXL as a potential co-therapeutic target during the treatment of HER2+ breast cancers to limit metastasis.
2018-05-01 | GSE102369 | GEO
Project description:The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is associated with epithelial plasticity in several solid tumors including breast cancer and AXL-targeting agents are currently in clinical trials. We hypothesized that AXL is a driver of stemness traits in cancer by co-option of a regulatory function normally reserved for stem cells. AXL-expressing cells in human mammary epithelial ducts co-expressed markers associated with multipotency, and AXL inhibition abolished colony-formation and self-maintenance activities while promoting terminal differentiation in vitro. Axl-null mice did not exhibit a strong developmental phenotype, but enrichment of Axl+ cells was required for mouse mammary gland reconstitution upon transplantation, and Axl-null mice had reduced incidence of Wnt1-driven mammary tumors. An AXL-dependent gene signature is a feature of transcriptomes in basal breast cancers, and reduced patient survival irrespective of subtype. Our interpretation is that AXL regulates access to epithelial plasticity programs in MaSCs and, when coopted, maintains acquired stemness in breast cancer cells.
2020-08-25 | GSE156662 | GEO
Project description:Anti-cancer therapies have been limited by emergence of mutations and other adaptations. In bacteria, antibiotics activate the SOS response, which mobilizes error‐prone factors that allow for continuous replication at the cost of mutagenesis. We investigated whether treatment of lung cancer with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) similarly engages hypermutators. In cycling drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and in EGFRi-treated patients presenting residual disease we observed upregulation of GAS6, while ablation of GAS6’s receptor, AXL, eradicated resistance. Reciprocally, AXL overexpression enhanced DTP survival and accelerated the emergence of T790M, an EGFR mutation typical to resistant cells. Mechanistically, AXL induces low-fidelity DNA polymerases and activates their organizer, RAD18, by promoting neddylation. Metabolomics uncovered another hypermutator, AXL-driven activation of MYC and increased purine synthesis that is unbalanced by pyrimidines. Aligning anti-AXL combination treatments with the transition from DTPs to resistant cells cured patient-derived xenografts. Hence, similar to bacteria, tumors tolerate therapy by engaging pharmacologically targetable endogenous mutators.
2022-11-17 | GSE202342 | GEO
Project description:We report the comparative investigation of gene expression profiles between genetic inactivation AXL cell and AXL wild type cells in two independent We found a list of AXL signaling target genes that are important for tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
2020-04-03 | GSE125994 | GEO
Project description:To support the development of a novel bioinformatic solution for glycopeptide identification, the cancer-associated AXL glycoprotein was used to validate the approach. AXL has 6 N-glycan sites.
2019-05-23 | PXD009222 | Pride