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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies TOX as a Key Transcriptional Regulator of Progenitor-Like CD8 T Cells in Chronic Infection [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Stem-like CD8 T cells maintain long-term antiviral CD8 immunity during chronic infection, and share regulatory pathways with memory precursor effector cells generated after acute infection. However, it is unclear whether stem-like CD8 T cells require distinct transcriptional and epigenetic regulation for their longevity and adaptation to the immunosuppressive environment in chronic infection. Here, our comparison of single-cell transcriptomes and epigenetic profiles of CD8 T cells responding to acute and chronic viral infections revealed that stem-like CD8 T cells became distinct from memory precursors before clonal expansion ended. We found that a coexpression gene module containing Tox exhibited higher transcriptional activities and active histone marks in stem-like T cells than memory precursors. Moreover, TOX promoted persistence of antiviral CD8 T cells, and was required for stem-like CD8 differentiation. Our results indicate that stem-like CD8 T cells require unique transcriptional and epigenetic programs for their differentiation and persistence during chronic viral infection.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE119942 | GEO | 2019/04/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies TOX as a Key Transcriptional Regulator of Progenitor-Like CD8 T Cells in Chronic Infection [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Stem-like CD8 T cells maintain long-term antiviral CD8 immunity during chronic infection, and share regulatory pathways with memory precursor effector cells generated after acute infection. However, it is unclear whether stem-like CD8 T cells require distinct transcriptional and epigenetic regulation for their longevity and adaptation to the immunosuppressive environment in chronic infection. Here, our comparison of single-cell transcriptomes and epigenetic profiles of CD8 T cells responding to acute and chronic viral infections revealed that stem-like CD8 T cells became distinct from memory precursors before clonal expansion ended. We found that a coexpression gene module containing Tox exhibited higher transcriptional activities and active histone marks in stem-like T cells than memory precursors. Moreover, TOX promoted persistence of antiviral CD8 T cells, and was required for stem-like CD8 differentiation. Our results indicate that stem-like CD8 T cells require unique transcriptional and epigenetic programs for their differentiation and persistence during chronic viral infection.

2019-04-16 | GSE119941 | GEO

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies TOX as a Key Transcriptional Regulator of Progenitor-Like CD8 T Cells in Chronic Infection [single-cell RNA-seq]

2019-04-16 | GSE119940 | GEO

PD-1+ Tcf1+ CD8+ T cells from established chronic infections can convert into memory cells but keep a stable imprint of persistent stimulation

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Distinct SIV-specific lymphoid tissue CD8 T cells exhibit simultaneous effector and stem-like profiles and associate with limited SIV persistence

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Epigenetic signature of PD-1+ TCF1+ CD8 T cells thatact as resource cells during chronic viral infectionand respond to PD-1 blockade

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2019-06-15 | GSE132110 | GEO

Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence

Project description:The persistent murine norovirus strain MNVCR6 is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNVCR6 causes chronic infection by directly infecting tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNVCR6 induces functional MNV-specific CD8+ T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection. To clarify how tuft cells promote immune escape, we interrogated tuft cell interactions with CD8+ T cells by adoptively transferring JEDI (Just EGFP Death Inducing) CD8+ T cells into tuft cell reporter mice (Gfi1b-GFP). Surprisingly, some tuft cells partially resist JEDI CD8+ T cell-mediated killing – unlike Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and extraintestinal tuft cells – despite seemingly normal antigen presentation. When targeting tuft cells, JEDI CD8+ T cells predominantly adopt a T resident memory phenotype with decreased effector and cytotoxic capacity, enabling tuft cell survival. Importantly, JEDI CD8+ T cells neither clear nor prevent MNVCR6 infection in the colon, the site of viral persistence, despite targeting a virus-independent antigen (e.g., GFP).

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Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence

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Memory like NK cells display stem cell like properties after Zika virus Infection

Project description:Here we show that Zika virus infection induces memory like NK cells that express CD27. This subset shared transcriptional changes with memory CD8 T cells, stem cells and stem like T cells. These NK cells with memory and stemness features which we term NK memory stem cells (SCMNK) demonstrated greater antiviral potential. Transcriptional data of SCMNK and non-memory NK cells is presented.

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dd195318-5103-4c2e-9845-d48e04787b77 - samples

Project description:Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion characterized by limited effector functions and thus compromised anti-viral activity. Exhausted HCV-specific CD8+ T cells are comprised of memory-like and terminally exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets. So far, little is not known about the molecular profile and fate of these cells after elimination of chronic antigen stimulation by direct acting antiviral therapy (DAA). Here, we report an antigen-driven molecular core signature underlying exhausted CD8+ T-cell subset heterogeneity in chronic viral infection with a progenitor/progeny relationship of memory-like and terminally exhausted HCV-specific CD8+ T cells via an intermediate stage. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling reveals that the memory-like cells remain after DAA-mediated cure while terminally exhausted HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell subsets are lost. Thus, the memory polarization of the overall HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell response after cure does not result from re-differentiation of exhausted T cells. Consequently, antigen elimination has little impact on the exhausted core signature of memory-like CD8+ T cells that remains clearly different from bona fide T-cell memory. These results identify a molecular signature of T-cell exhaustion that is imprinted like a chronic scar in HCV-specific CD8+ T cells even after HCV cure, highlighting the requirement of re-programming to elicit full effector potential of exhausted T cells.

| EGAD00001006259 | EGA

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