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Characterization of wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolt, and the effect of stress on the healing process

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the effect induced by high fish density on cutaneous wound healing in post-smolt Atlantic salmon. Our findings suggest that high fish density enhances inflammation and represses cell proliferation, tissue secretion and collagen synthesis in the healing wounds. These processes are further manifested in the different layers of the skin, such as delayed re-epithelialization, altered mucus response, reduced scale mineralization, enhanced wound pigmentation and delayed organization of dense connective tissue. Temporarily changes in wound healing mechanisms result in permanent differences in wound contraction. In conclusion, our results show that high fish density dispose the fish for an enhanced immune response and delayed tissue repair, which ultimately results in delayed wound healing.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar Oncorhynchus mykiss

PROVIDER: GSE122142 | GEO | 2018/11/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Proteases control complex tissue responses by modulating inflammation, cell proliferation and migration, and matrix remodeling. All these processes are orchestrated in cutaneous wound healing to restore the skinâ€™s barrier function upon injury. Altered protease activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of healing impairments, and proteases are important targets in diagnosis and therapy of this pathology. Global assessment of proteolysis at critical turning points after injury will define crucial events in acute healing that might be disturbed in healing disorders. As optimal biospecimens, wound exudates contain an ideal proteome to detect extracellular proteolytic events, are non-invasively accessible, and can be collected at multiple time points along the healing process from the same wound in the clinics. In this study, we applied multiplexed Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) to globally assess proteolysis in early phases of cutaneous wound healing. By quantitative analysis of proteins and protein N termini in wound fluids from a clinically relevant pig wound model, we identified more than 650 proteins and discerned major healing phases through distinctive abundance clustering of markers of inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and re-epithelialization. TAILS revealed a high degree of proteolysis at all time points after injury by detecting almost 1300 N-terminal peptides in ~450 proteins, most of which could not be assigned to known mature protein N termini. Quantitative positional proteomics mapped pivotal interdependent processing events in the blood coagulation cascade, detailed activating thrombin cleavages in vivo, and temporally discerned clotting and fibrinolysis during the healing process. Similarly, we found virtually all major cleavages in complement activation and inactivation and demonstrated time-dependent changes in the proteolytic potential of the wound milieu by detecting processing of complement C3 at distinct time points after wounding and by different proteases.

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Characterization of wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolt, and the effect of stress on the healing process

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