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Endogenous siRNAs Promote Proteostasis and Longevity in Germline-less C. elegans

ABSTRACT: How lifespan and the rate of aging are set is a key problem in biology. Small RNAs are conserved molecules that impact diverse biological processes through the control of gene expression. However, in contrast to miRNAs, the role of endo-siRNAs in aging remains unexplored. Here, by combining deep sequencing and genomic and genetic approaches in C. elegans, we reveal an unprecedented role for endo-siRNA molecules in the maintenance of proteostasis and lifespan extension in germline-less animals. Furthermore, we identify an endo-siRNA-regulated tyrosine phosphatase, which limits the longevity of germline-less animals by restricting the activity of the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. Altogether, our findings point to endo-siRNAs as a link between germline removal and the HSF-1 proteostasis and longevity-promoting somatic pathway. This establishes a role for endo siRNAs in the aging process and identifies downstream genes and physiological processes that are regulated by the endo siRNAs to affect longevity.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE122457 | GEO | 2020/04/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans

Project description:How lifespan and the rate of aging are set is a key problem in biology. Small RNAs are conserved molecules that impact diverse biological processes through the control of gene expression. However, in contrast to miRNAs, the role of endo-siRNAs in aging remains unexplored. Here, by combining deep sequencing and genomic and genetic approaches in C.CaenorhabditisC. elegans elegans, we reveal an unprecedented role for endo-siRNA molecules in the maintenance of proteostasis and lifespan extension in germline-less animals. Furthermore, we identify an endo-siRNA-regulated tyrosine phosphatase, which limits the longevity of germline-less animals by restricting the activity of the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. Altogether, our findings point to endo-siRNAs as a link between germline removal and the HSF-1 proteostasis and longevity-promoting somatic pathway. This establishes a role for endo siRNAs in the aging process and identifies downstream genes and physiological processes that are regulated by the endo siRNAs to affect longevity.

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HSF-1 promotes longevity through ubiquilin-1 dependent mitochondrial remodelling

Project description:Impaired protein homeostasis promotes age-associated tissue dysregulation, presenting a need for therapeutic approaches that can restore proteome integrity. The heat shock factor HSF-1 is the master transcriptional regulator of proteostasis and regulates the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which facilitate proper protein folding, localisation, and degradation. Increased HSF-1 activity can suppress proteotoxicity and enhance longevity across species. Studies into the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects have mostly focused on HSPs; however, the precise mechanisms by which increased HSF-1 activity extends lifespan are not known. To address this, we conducted an RNAi screen for genes that promote longevity, in C. elegans over expressing HSF-1 (hsf-1 OE). We found that ubiquilin-1 (ubql-1), a multifaceted shuttle protein that functions in protein degradation pathways is necessary for full lifespan extension in hsf-1OE worms. Surprisingly, we find that lack of ubql-1 does not impact proteostasis capacity, but does alter mitochondrial dynamics, in hsf-1 OE worms. These effects are independent of mitophagy or the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) suggesting enhanced turnover of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins may be important for increased longevity via the HSF-1-ubiquilin-1 axis. Additionally, we reveal a role for ubql-1, a protein quality control regulator in regulating lipid homeostasis in hsf-1 OE animals. Lack of ubql-1 in hsf-1 OE animals supresses the expression of a key mitochondrial β-oxidation and lipid mobilization gene regulated by NHR-49 - acyl-CoA synthetase-2, ACS-2 amongst other genes. We propose that ubql-1 is required for mito-fusion and metabolic modulations that promote longevity in hsf-1 OE by interacting with NHR-49.

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Target-dependent siRNA suppression distinguishes self from non-self endogenous siRNAs in C. elegans germline

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Endogenous siRNAs Promote Proteostasis and Longevity in Germline-less C. elegans

Project description:Endogenous siRNAs Promote Proteostasis and Longevity in Germline-less C. elegans

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Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans

Project description:Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans

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Early-adulthood spike in protein translation drives aging via juvenile hormone/germline signaling

Project description:Protein translation (PT) declines with age in invertebrates, rodents, and humans. It has been assumed that elevated PT at young ages is beneficial to health and PT ends up dropping as a passive byproduct of aging. In Drosophila, we show that a transient elevation in PT during early-adulthood exerts long-lasting negative impacts on aging trajectories and proteostasis in later-life. Blocking the early-life PT elevation robustly improves life-/health-span and prevents age-related protein aggregation, whereas transiently inducing an early-life PT surge in long-lived fly strains abolishes their longevity/proteostasis benefits. The early-life PT elevation triggers proteostatic dysfunction, silences stress responses, and drives age related functional decline via juvenile hormone-lipid transfer protein axis and germline signaling. Our findings suggest that PT is adaptively suppressed after early-adulthood, alleviating later-life proteostatic burden, slowing down age-related functional decline, and improving lifespan. Our work provides a theoretical framework for understanding how lifetime PT dynamics shape future aging trajectories.

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2024-01-01 | E-MTAB-13546 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Early-adulthood spike in protein translation drives aging via juvenile hormone/germline signaling

Project description:Protein translation (PT) declines with age in invertebrates, rodents, and humans1-6. It has been assumed that elevated PT at young ages is beneficial to health and PT ends up dropping as a passive byproduct of aging. In Drosophila, we show that a transient elevation in PT during early-adulthood exerts long-lasting negative impacts on aging trajectories and proteostasis in later-life. Blocking the early-life PT elevation robustly improves life-/health-span and prevents age-related protein aggregation, whereas transiently inducing early-life PT surge in long-lived fly strains abolishes their longevity/proteostasis benefits. The early-life PT elevation triggers proteostatic dysfunction, silences stress responses, and drives age-related functional decline via juvenile hormone-lipid transfer protein axis and germline signaling. Our findings suggest that PT is adaptively suppressed after early-adulthood, alleviating later-life proteostatic burden, slowing down age-related functional decline, and improving lifespan. Our work provides a novel theoretical framework for understanding how lifetime PT dynamics shape future aging trajectories.

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